Ratio trabecular and compact myocardium in the wall of the left
... Introduction. Under hypoplasia left heart syndrome (HLHS) understand a group of developmental abnormalities of the heart, characterized by hypoplasia of the left chambers, atresia or stenosis of the aortic and / or mitral opening and hypoplasia of the ascending aorta. Frequency of occurrence HLHS ra ...
... Introduction. Under hypoplasia left heart syndrome (HLHS) understand a group of developmental abnormalities of the heart, characterized by hypoplasia of the left chambers, atresia or stenosis of the aortic and / or mitral opening and hypoplasia of the ascending aorta. Frequency of occurrence HLHS ra ...
HFNEF, HFpEF, HF-PEF, or DHF
... It has been recognized for a long time that there is a group of patients who present with symptoms suggestive of heart failure (HF) but whose left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is normal. Many of these patients are elderly, have long-standing hypertension, may have diabetes, and usually have ...
... It has been recognized for a long time that there is a group of patients who present with symptoms suggestive of heart failure (HF) but whose left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is normal. Many of these patients are elderly, have long-standing hypertension, may have diabetes, and usually have ...
? W Commonly Asked Questions:
... can cause severe illnesses that cannot be cured with antibiotics. A cure for resistant bacteria may require stronger treatment – and possibly a stay in the hospital. To avoid the threat of antibiotic-resistant infections, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that you avoid ...
... can cause severe illnesses that cannot be cured with antibiotics. A cure for resistant bacteria may require stronger treatment – and possibly a stay in the hospital. To avoid the threat of antibiotic-resistant infections, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that you avoid ...
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
... adults because some VSDs close on their own. What causes it? In most people, the cause isn’t known but genetic factors may play a role. It’s a very common type of heart defect. Some people can have other heart defects along with VSD. How does it affect the heart? Normally, the left side of the heart ...
... adults because some VSDs close on their own. What causes it? In most people, the cause isn’t known but genetic factors may play a role. It’s a very common type of heart defect. Some people can have other heart defects along with VSD. How does it affect the heart? Normally, the left side of the heart ...
Bradycardia Booklet
... when no electrical impulses reach the ventricles, this is usually as a result of underlying disease or medications. In the absence of any electrical impulses from the atria, the ventricles produce impulses on their own; these are called ventricular escape beats. However, these heartbeats are usually ...
... when no electrical impulses reach the ventricles, this is usually as a result of underlying disease or medications. In the absence of any electrical impulses from the atria, the ventricles produce impulses on their own; these are called ventricular escape beats. However, these heartbeats are usually ...
Atrial fibrillation is seen in all except
... A patient comes with chest pain a few weeks after an attack of myocardial infarction. The most likely diagnosis is a) Psychogenic *b) Dressier's syndrome c) Pneumonia d) Reflux esophagitis Left ventricular hypertrophy is not a feature of a) Mitral regurgitation *b) isolated Mitral stenosis c) Isolat ...
... A patient comes with chest pain a few weeks after an attack of myocardial infarction. The most likely diagnosis is a) Psychogenic *b) Dressier's syndrome c) Pneumonia d) Reflux esophagitis Left ventricular hypertrophy is not a feature of a) Mitral regurgitation *b) isolated Mitral stenosis c) Isolat ...
Autoimmune Diseases and Therapeutic Approaches Open Access
... which able to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and nitric oxide and mediate the control of autoimmune disease. Additionally, autoimmune mechanisms might have a role in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis ...
... which able to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and nitric oxide and mediate the control of autoimmune disease. Additionally, autoimmune mechanisms might have a role in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis ...
Your Personal Virtual Heart
... it can feel like getting kicked in the chest by a horse. Patients sometimes lose consciousness, which could prove deadly if they’re driving, for example, or soaking in the tub. Most important, the ejection fraction isn’t a good predictor of arrhythmia; it misses many at-risk patients. Many patients ...
... it can feel like getting kicked in the chest by a horse. Patients sometimes lose consciousness, which could prove deadly if they’re driving, for example, or soaking in the tub. Most important, the ejection fraction isn’t a good predictor of arrhythmia; it misses many at-risk patients. Many patients ...
Valvular Heart Disease/Myopathy/Aneurysm
... Percutaneous aortic valve replacement (AVR)- new treatment being investigated for select patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis… Research at Cleveland Clinic is evaluating a percutaneous technique for implanting a prosthetic valve inside diseased calcific aortic valve. The procedure is per ...
... Percutaneous aortic valve replacement (AVR)- new treatment being investigated for select patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis… Research at Cleveland Clinic is evaluating a percutaneous technique for implanting a prosthetic valve inside diseased calcific aortic valve. The procedure is per ...
Lecture Suggestions and Guidelines
... LEARNING OBJECTIVE 15: Describe life-span changes in immunity. Lecture Suggestions and Guidelines 1. Describe the general changes in the immune system. 2. Discuss the effects of aging on the declining strength of the immune response. 3. Identify the shift in various antibody classes. Application Que ...
... LEARNING OBJECTIVE 15: Describe life-span changes in immunity. Lecture Suggestions and Guidelines 1. Describe the general changes in the immune system. 2. Discuss the effects of aging on the declining strength of the immune response. 3. Identify the shift in various antibody classes. Application Que ...
Electrocardiographic Changes in Infectious Diseases
... in infections can be caused by multiple factors, including direct invasion by the microorganism, the effects of the organism’s toxin, and electrolyte, metabolic, or autonomic system abnormalities caused by the infection. Unfortunately, the ECG is often overlooked in the evaluation of patients with a ...
... in infections can be caused by multiple factors, including direct invasion by the microorganism, the effects of the organism’s toxin, and electrolyte, metabolic, or autonomic system abnormalities caused by the infection. Unfortunately, the ECG is often overlooked in the evaluation of patients with a ...
Pulmonary Oedema
... Inflammation of the bronchi – with infiltration by eosinophils, T cells and mast cells. there is associated plasma exudation, oedema, smooth muscle hypertrophy, mucous plugging and epithelial damage. The disease often ‘flares up’ with viral infections – which often cause a loud wheeze. Aetiology Int ...
... Inflammation of the bronchi – with infiltration by eosinophils, T cells and mast cells. there is associated plasma exudation, oedema, smooth muscle hypertrophy, mucous plugging and epithelial damage. The disease often ‘flares up’ with viral infections – which often cause a loud wheeze. Aetiology Int ...
Infections In The Immunocompromized Host
... Cell mediated Immunity Macrophages, T-lymphocytes, NKC, cytokines ...
... Cell mediated Immunity Macrophages, T-lymphocytes, NKC, cytokines ...
Arthritis Glossary
... An antibody directed against cyclic citrullinated protein (CCP) in the body. The presence of anti-CCP in the blood is a strong indicator of rheumatoid arthritis; however, its absence does not rule out the diagnosis. It is detected by a blood test. ...
... An antibody directed against cyclic citrullinated protein (CCP) in the body. The presence of anti-CCP in the blood is a strong indicator of rheumatoid arthritis; however, its absence does not rule out the diagnosis. It is detected by a blood test. ...
1 CARDIOLOGY FOR PRIMARY CARE Lois E Brenneman, MSN
... - S3 (3rd heart sou nd) Period of rapid filling of ventricles: - No rmal only in childre n an d yo ung adu lts - Occ urs w op ening of A-V valves (during p eriod of rapid filling of ventricles) approximately 80% of ventricular filling occurs at this time. - May be heard at end of this rapid filling ...
... - S3 (3rd heart sou nd) Period of rapid filling of ventricles: - No rmal only in childre n an d yo ung adu lts - Occ urs w op ening of A-V valves (during p eriod of rapid filling of ventricles) approximately 80% of ventricular filling occurs at this time. - May be heard at end of this rapid filling ...
Host : Microbial relationships
... Attack and first-line defences The initiation of microbial infection requires firstly a Reservoir or source of infection, secondly a Route of transmission and thirdly Rupture of the nonspecific surface defences of the body, providing a portal of entry. Reservoirs and sources. Epidemiology is the st ...
... Attack and first-line defences The initiation of microbial infection requires firstly a Reservoir or source of infection, secondly a Route of transmission and thirdly Rupture of the nonspecific surface defences of the body, providing a portal of entry. Reservoirs and sources. Epidemiology is the st ...
CHAPTER 15. HEART MURMURS AND PAIN ACQUIRED HEART
... stage. Life expectancy averages 4 years after the onset of symptoms. The classic systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur is heard best in the second right intercostal space. Radiation of the murmur to the carotid arteries is common. An associated thrill is often appreciated. A narrowed pulse pre ...
... stage. Life expectancy averages 4 years after the onset of symptoms. The classic systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur is heard best in the second right intercostal space. Radiation of the murmur to the carotid arteries is common. An associated thrill is often appreciated. A narrowed pulse pre ...
Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: A Short
... organism called as autoimmunity. 1 Autoimmunity is the mechanism where an organism fails to recognize its Autoimmunity is characterized by the reaction of cells (auto reactive T-lymphocytes) or products (autoantibodies) of own constituent parts (down to the submolecular levels) the immune system aga ...
... organism called as autoimmunity. 1 Autoimmunity is the mechanism where an organism fails to recognize its Autoimmunity is characterized by the reaction of cells (auto reactive T-lymphocytes) or products (autoantibodies) of own constituent parts (down to the submolecular levels) the immune system aga ...
The Immune System and Disease for Potential Doctors
... • Your body’s most important nonspecific defense is the skin. • The inflammatory response is a nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or disease. • Once the body has been exposed to a pathogen, millions of memory B and T cells remain capable of producing specific antibodies t ...
... • Your body’s most important nonspecific defense is the skin. • The inflammatory response is a nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or disease. • Once the body has been exposed to a pathogen, millions of memory B and T cells remain capable of producing specific antibodies t ...
Hypersensitivity-contact dermatitis
... of antibiotics for an infection… •as well as killing off the harmful bacteria causing the infection, •some of the good resident microbes will die, leaving an opportunity for others to grow. ...
... of antibiotics for an infection… •as well as killing off the harmful bacteria causing the infection, •some of the good resident microbes will die, leaving an opportunity for others to grow. ...
Anatomy Lab Heart Dissection Name: 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
... 2. Rinse the sheep heart thoroughly with cold water to remove excess preservatives and to flush out blood clots. 3. Observe the pericardium. If the pericardial sac is intact then remove the outer layer from its attachment points. 4. Carefully pull the visceral pericardium (epicardium) away from the ...
... 2. Rinse the sheep heart thoroughly with cold water to remove excess preservatives and to flush out blood clots. 3. Observe the pericardium. If the pericardial sac is intact then remove the outer layer from its attachment points. 4. Carefully pull the visceral pericardium (epicardium) away from the ...
Viral myocarditis/pericarditis: pathogenesis.
... Pathogenesis in experimental CVB3 models: lymphocyte-mediated myocardial injury • After 6 to 7 days after experimental infection, the adaptive (antigenspecific) immune response begins, leading to infiltration of T lymphocytes in the heart. • Infiltration of T lymphocytes in the heart peaks at 7-14 ...
... Pathogenesis in experimental CVB3 models: lymphocyte-mediated myocardial injury • After 6 to 7 days after experimental infection, the adaptive (antigenspecific) immune response begins, leading to infiltration of T lymphocytes in the heart. • Infiltration of T lymphocytes in the heart peaks at 7-14 ...
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever, also known as acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is an inflammatory disease that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain. The disease typically develops two to four weeks after a throat infection. Signs and symptoms include fever, multiple painful joints, involuntary muscle movements, and a characteristic but uncommon non itchy rash known as erythema marginatum. The heart is involved in about half of cases. Permanent damage to the heart valves, known as rheumatic heart disease (RHD), usually only occurs after multiple attacks but may occasionally occur after a single case of ARF. The damaged valves may result in heart failure. The abnormal valves also increase the risk of the person developing atrial fibrillation and infection of the valves.Acute rheumatic fever may occur following an infection of the throat by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. If it is untreated ARF occurs in up to three percent of people. The underlying mechanism is believed to involve the production of antibodies against a person's own tissues. Some people due to their genetics are more likely to get the disease when exposed to the bacteria than others. Other risk factors include malnutrition and poverty. Diagnosis of ARF is often based on the presence of signs and symptoms in combination with evidence of a recent streptococcal infection.Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics, such as penicillin, decreases their risk of getting ARF. This often involves testing people with sore throats for the infection, which may not be available in the developing world. Other preventative measures include improved sanitation. In those with ARF and RHD prolonged periods of antibiotics are sometimes recommended. Gradual return to normal activities may occur following an attack. Once RHD develops, treatment is more difficult. Occasionally valve replacement surgery or repair is required. Otherwise complications are treated as per normal.Acute rheumatic fever occurs in about 325,000 children each year and about 18 million people currently have rheumatic heart disease. Those who get ARF are most often between the ages of 5 and 14, with 20% of first-time attacks occurring in adults. The disease is most common in the developing world and among indigenous peoples in the developed world. In 2013 it resulted in 275,000 deaths down from 374,000 deaths in 1990. Most deaths occur in the developing world where as many as 12.5% of people affected may die each year. Descriptions of the condition are believed to date back to at least the 5th century BCE in the writings of Hippocrates. The disease is so named because its symptoms are similar to those of some rheumatic disorders.