Researchers Learn How to Turn Cancer Cells into
... proceed to differentiate into dendritic cells and macrophages. Macrophages function mainly by engulfing foreign substances, cellular debris, microbial and cancer cells in a process termed phagocytosis. Key macrophage abilities include: 1. Increasing and decreasing the inflammatory response through m ...
... proceed to differentiate into dendritic cells and macrophages. Macrophages function mainly by engulfing foreign substances, cellular debris, microbial and cancer cells in a process termed phagocytosis. Key macrophage abilities include: 1. Increasing and decreasing the inflammatory response through m ...
Antigen-presenting cells
... 5. Antibodies can cause the destruction of microorganisms by promoting their ingestion by phagocytic cells or their destruction by cytotoxic cells. Phagocytosis is particularly important for the elimination of bacteria and involves the binding of antibodies and complement components to the outer sur ...
... 5. Antibodies can cause the destruction of microorganisms by promoting their ingestion by phagocytic cells or their destruction by cytotoxic cells. Phagocytosis is particularly important for the elimination of bacteria and involves the binding of antibodies and complement components to the outer sur ...
School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine [MS PowerPoint
... Immune cells and pathways we are targeting: • T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17 and IL-10-producing subsets) – are there deficiencies in the abilities of T cells to produce IFNγ or other proinflammatory cytokines in response to mitogenic or antigenic stimulation? • Macrophages (IFNγR, IL-1R and TLR pathways) ...
... Immune cells and pathways we are targeting: • T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17 and IL-10-producing subsets) – are there deficiencies in the abilities of T cells to produce IFNγ or other proinflammatory cytokines in response to mitogenic or antigenic stimulation? • Macrophages (IFNγR, IL-1R and TLR pathways) ...
BOSY_DEFENCE__ARISTO_
... • to localize & destroy the pathogens • phagocytes involve in phagocytosis – to engulf and digest the pathogens ...
... • to localize & destroy the pathogens • phagocytes involve in phagocytosis – to engulf and digest the pathogens ...
Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
... macrophage cytokines, more macrophages are recruited to clean up the debris left over at the site. When local infections are severe, neutrophils are attracted to the sites of infections in large numbers, and as they phagocytose the pathogens and subsequently die, their accumulated cellular remains a ...
... macrophage cytokines, more macrophages are recruited to clean up the debris left over at the site. When local infections are severe, neutrophils are attracted to the sites of infections in large numbers, and as they phagocytose the pathogens and subsequently die, their accumulated cellular remains a ...
TCR rearrangement and selection in the thymus
... • Have properties of both T-cells and NK-cells • Express a (semi) invariant abTCR • Recognition of lipids and glycolipids presented by CD1d • Can express FcgR CD16, CD56, NK1.1 • Produce g-interferon, IL-4, IL-2, TNF-a • Role in immunity against bacteria such as mycobacterium • Review by Jerud et al ...
... • Have properties of both T-cells and NK-cells • Express a (semi) invariant abTCR • Recognition of lipids and glycolipids presented by CD1d • Can express FcgR CD16, CD56, NK1.1 • Produce g-interferon, IL-4, IL-2, TNF-a • Role in immunity against bacteria such as mycobacterium • Review by Jerud et al ...
antigen presentation clonal selection induction of antibody synthesis
... interleukin 2 which stimulates the B cell to divide and differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Many undifferentiated B cells remain in the lymphoid tissue as Memory Cells. This process is termed CLONAL SELECTION and results in IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY. Upon a subsequent exposure, antigen pr ...
... interleukin 2 which stimulates the B cell to divide and differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Many undifferentiated B cells remain in the lymphoid tissue as Memory Cells. This process is termed CLONAL SELECTION and results in IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY. Upon a subsequent exposure, antigen pr ...
The immune system may be viewed as one aspect of the lymphatic
... Immunity: innate versus adaptive Innate immunity: is non-specific (generalized response to threats) and short-term. 1. Skin and mucous membranes (airways, GI tract, e.g.) are barriers to entry by microbes. Low pH of gastric fluid destroys some microbes. The slight rise in body temperature (fever) th ...
... Immunity: innate versus adaptive Innate immunity: is non-specific (generalized response to threats) and short-term. 1. Skin and mucous membranes (airways, GI tract, e.g.) are barriers to entry by microbes. Low pH of gastric fluid destroys some microbes. The slight rise in body temperature (fever) th ...
Nonspecific Defenses
... these defenses include the skin, mucus membranes, stomach acid, and the inflammatory response ...
... these defenses include the skin, mucus membranes, stomach acid, and the inflammatory response ...
Mechanism
... Activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+ helper T cells response to the donor’s HLA antigens. Proliferation of B-cell – mediated antibody production and a delayedtype hypersensitivity reaction. The initial target of the recipient antibodies is graft vasculature. The antibodies can produce injur ...
... Activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+ helper T cells response to the donor’s HLA antigens. Proliferation of B-cell – mediated antibody production and a delayedtype hypersensitivity reaction. The initial target of the recipient antibodies is graft vasculature. The antibodies can produce injur ...
How do vaccines work Feb 2017
... Does everyone develop immunity following vaccination? Primary Vaccine Failure: Failure to seroconvert (produce antibodies) Secondary Vaccine Failure: waning immunity after seroconversion ...
... Does everyone develop immunity following vaccination? Primary Vaccine Failure: Failure to seroconvert (produce antibodies) Secondary Vaccine Failure: waning immunity after seroconversion ...
Viruses
... Specific Response There are many cells that are responsible for the specific immune response: Macrophages/Phagocytes- Large cells that ‘eat’ the virus/bacteria and show the T Cells and B Cells the antigen to target Helper T Cells – Cells that tell B Cells, Cytotoxic T Cells, and Natural Killer Cell ...
... Specific Response There are many cells that are responsible for the specific immune response: Macrophages/Phagocytes- Large cells that ‘eat’ the virus/bacteria and show the T Cells and B Cells the antigen to target Helper T Cells – Cells that tell B Cells, Cytotoxic T Cells, and Natural Killer Cell ...
HBImmunity
... distinguish “self from non-self”. It is the proteins that are on the plasma membrane that determine self. These proteins are inherited in the genes. Therefore, only identical twins can have identical set of self-proteins. Organ transplants are rejected because of the differences in self-proteins. Or ...
... distinguish “self from non-self”. It is the proteins that are on the plasma membrane that determine self. These proteins are inherited in the genes. Therefore, only identical twins can have identical set of self-proteins. Organ transplants are rejected because of the differences in self-proteins. Or ...
immunity
... characteristics of foreign structures types of foreign structures receptors gene localization for receptors heredity receptors distribution speed of the response recognition of „self“ and „foreign“ regulatory activity effector activity immune memory ...
... characteristics of foreign structures types of foreign structures receptors gene localization for receptors heredity receptors distribution speed of the response recognition of „self“ and „foreign“ regulatory activity effector activity immune memory ...
BIOT 307 Kuby, Ch. 3, Antigens
... • Smaller ligands such as carbohydrates, small oligonucleotides, peptides, and haptens often bind within deep pocket of Ab ...
... • Smaller ligands such as carbohydrates, small oligonucleotides, peptides, and haptens often bind within deep pocket of Ab ...
The Immune System
... The Lymph Nodes filter out any microorganisms or other substances picked up by the lymphocytes, which are infection fighting cells. During an infection the lymph nodes become noticeably swelled and red. This is because during an infection the need to filter lymph becomes much more prevalent. Due to ...
... The Lymph Nodes filter out any microorganisms or other substances picked up by the lymphocytes, which are infection fighting cells. During an infection the lymph nodes become noticeably swelled and red. This is because during an infection the need to filter lymph becomes much more prevalent. Due to ...
Immune Responses to Bacteria
... Some bacteria engulfed during phagocytosis avoid the killing mechanisms of the phagocyte to survive inside cells. Macrophages are a common targets for intracellular bacteria (e.g. Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, in ...
... Some bacteria engulfed during phagocytosis avoid the killing mechanisms of the phagocyte to survive inside cells. Macrophages are a common targets for intracellular bacteria (e.g. Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, in ...
Immune responses to bacteria
... Some bacteria engulfed during phagocytosis avoid the killing mechanisms of the phagocyte to survive inside cells. Macrophages are a common targets for intracellular bacteria (e.g. Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, in ...
... Some bacteria engulfed during phagocytosis avoid the killing mechanisms of the phagocyte to survive inside cells. Macrophages are a common targets for intracellular bacteria (e.g. Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, in ...
TBL Module: Blood and Lymphoid Tissue
... describe the morphological changes that occur during development. • Explain the distinction between humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and describe how the different lymphocyte subclasses interact with antigen to elicit these responses. • Explain how MHC molecules are involved in lymphocyte ...
... describe the morphological changes that occur during development. • Explain the distinction between humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and describe how the different lymphocyte subclasses interact with antigen to elicit these responses. • Explain how MHC molecules are involved in lymphocyte ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.