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Multiple Trypanosoma cruzi antigens containing tandemly repeated
Multiple Trypanosoma cruzi antigens containing tandemly repeated

... Nine clones encoding T. cruzi antigens have been characterized in the present study. Some of the fusion proteins, expressed from these clones, reacted with a large proportion of Chagasic sera, collected in distant geographical regions, thus showing that they represent parasite antigens which are con ...
Chapter 21
Chapter 21

... Chapter 21 Vaccines Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning ...
Differentiation of memory B and T cells
Differentiation of memory B and T cells

... memory is usually manifested by continuous antibody production even after resolution of the disease. This is in stark contrast to the T-cell response, which has a relatively short effector phase. Effector T cells, generated following antigenic stimulation of naı̈ve cells, extravasate into peripheral ...
Protein Phosphorylation in Rhodomicrobium vmnielii
Protein Phosphorylation in Rhodomicrobium vmnielii

... phosphorylation was drastically reduced in the swarmer cell. However, during the course of differentiation phosphopolypeptides became increasingly abundant, particularly two species of M , 55000 and 86000. Although protein kinase activities could be detected in vitro, there was little similarity bet ...
Poster
Poster

... Activation of the metabotropic GABAB receptor by GABA influences neuronal activity by coupling with G proteins to activate a signaling cascade that leads to downstream effects including the modulation of various ion channels. The GABAB receptor is a dimer composed of two different subunits (GBR1 and ...
PD-1 Cancer Immunotherapy
PD-1 Cancer Immunotherapy

Gene Section MUC16 (mucin 16, cell surface associated) in Oncology and Haematology
Gene Section MUC16 (mucin 16, cell surface associated) in Oncology and Haematology

... major O-glycosylation known to be present in CA125. The MUC16 protein back bone is dominated by tandem repeat region, which has more than 60 repeat domains, each composed of 156 amino acids. Though all the individual repeat units are not similar, most of them occur more than once in the sequence. Th ...
Structure - chula ise
Structure - chula ise

... and cold (< 20C for certain antibodies) Some proteins, often small ones, reach their proper folded state spontaneously. Once unfolded, kT allows them to find their equilibrium structure when returned to physiological conditions. Other proteins are metastable: they are helped to fold to structures t ...
DEWS DRY EYE: DIAGNOSTIC TEST TEMPLATE RAPPORTEUR
DEWS DRY EYE: DIAGNOSTIC TEST TEMPLATE RAPPORTEUR

tracheal antimicrobial stimulation peptide Aspinas Chapwanya
tracheal antimicrobial stimulation peptide Aspinas Chapwanya

... activate other immune cells ( Fahey et al., 2005 and Quayle, 2002), and there is some evidence that they present antigens to T-lymphocytes (Wira and Rossoll, 1995). After calving, upon sensing microbial pathogens, endometrial epithelial cells contribute to local inflammation by initiating the innate ...
29 - California State University, Stanislaus
29 - California State University, Stanislaus

... Its response depends upon the ability of its cells to: ...
1 |Recombinant Human GM
1 |Recombinant Human GM

... Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine and a member of a family of endogenous cytokines of the hematopoietic system. GM-CSF is produced as a response to immune or inflammatory stimuli by monocytes, T cells, macrophages as well as fibroblasts. GM-CSF is ab ...
Adoptive T-Cell Therapy for Cancer
Adoptive T-Cell Therapy for Cancer

... early evidence of antitumor activity was seen, but all patients treated developed severe, life-threatening colitis (Parkhurst et al., 2011). On the other hand, when the B-cell marker, CD19 (present on both benign and malignant T-cells) was targeted with CARs, impressive responses in patients with B- ...
A Review of Artificial Immune System Based Security Frameworks
A Review of Artificial Immune System Based Security Frameworks

... enormous time and resources are consumed. Just like a physician who does not make a diagnosis based on a single symptom of disease, correlation and analysis of multiple alerts are required. The steps carried out are: i) a non-self detector string is created by the generator which tests this string a ...
Infection of Autoreactive B Lymphocytes with EBV
Infection of Autoreactive B Lymphocytes with EBV

... is deficient MHC class I expression on B cells, which has been reported to occur in chronic autoimmune diseases, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, SLE, RA, Sjögren's syndrome and MS 25 26, although it remains unclear whether the reported decreas ...
“The Role of Therapeutic Vaccination in HIV Cure Strategies” J.D.
“The Role of Therapeutic Vaccination in HIV Cure Strategies” J.D.

... • Indefinitely persistent immune surveillance; progressive viral clearance to functional cure, apparent eradication • Extremely broad epitope coverage; epitopes not recognized in natural infection, including promiscuous supertopes; ...
The Benefits on Human Health by Supplementing Proline
The Benefits on Human Health by Supplementing Proline

... produce the cytokines: IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNFalpha. TH2 cells, which modulate humoral immunity, or antibody production, produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 PRPs tend to stimulate TH1 and lower TH2 if these are in imbalance; i.e., PRP modulate TH1/TH2. This is known as the “TH2 to TH1 shift” ...
Is Obesity One of Physiological Factors which Exert Influenza Virus
Is Obesity One of Physiological Factors which Exert Influenza Virus

... investigations indicated that obesity is connected to the severity of influenza, although there are some exceptions. Many studies using obese humans and animal models showed that immune response was impaired in the obese group, increasing susceptibility and severity of influenza virus. However, the ...
View Full Text-PDF
View Full Text-PDF

... Bailey, J.S., Rolon, A., Holt, P., Hofacre, C., Wilson, J., Cosby, D., Richardson, L., Cox, N. 2007. Humoral and mucosal-humoral immune response to a Salmonella vaccination program in broiler breeders. Int. J. Poult. Sci., ...
University of Connecticut
University of Connecticut

... [Su et al. 04] ILP-based solution for single test droplet case & heuristic for multiple input-output pairs with single test droplet/pair Our problem formulation allows an unbounded number of droplets out of each input cell ...
Immune Stimulating Additives - Are They Worth the
Immune Stimulating Additives - Are They Worth the

Immune Targeting in Breast Cancer
Immune Targeting in Breast Cancer

... Savas, P. et al. (2015) Clinical relevance of host immunity in breast cancer: from TILs to the clinic ...
Common Concepts of Immune Defense
Common Concepts of Immune Defense

... that induces an immune response is an immunogen. An antigen harbors epitopes— specific sites that are recognized preferentially by soluble (humoral) or cellular immune receptors. The organism being invaded is termed host in case of infectious antigens. The major functions of the innate immune system ...
Low natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in autism
Low natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in autism

... mediated by a potent cytokine producing capacity, while CD56dim NK cells have a marked cytotoxic function (Cooper et al., 2001). The latter cell subset also expresses high levels of the low-affinity Fc receptor for IgG (FcγRIII; also known as CD16) allowing them to mediate antibodydependent cell-medi ...
Cellular and Gene Therapy for Major Histocompatibility Complex
Cellular and Gene Therapy for Major Histocompatibility Complex

... hyper-IgM syndrome is another example of an antibody production defect, wherein the B cells are not able to switch from IgM to IgG, IgA, or IgE. The X-linked form of the disease (called HyperIgM-1) is caused by an absence of the CD40 ligand (CD40L) protein. This protein is expressed at the cell surf ...
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Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
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