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High-Power Diode Lasers under External Optical Feedback
High-Power Diode Lasers under External Optical Feedback

... due to nonlinear effects in the laser medium, such as nonlinear ohmic heating or nonlinear electron distribution as explained in Ref. [14]. Traveling through the medium, the wave front comes across regions with higher or lower refractive indices. There, the phase velocity is lowered or accelerated, ...
Optical limiting in a periodic materials with relaxational nonlinearity Xue Liu,
Optical limiting in a periodic materials with relaxational nonlinearity Xue Liu,

... demonstrates that phase changes of the beam in the transverse direction are sufficient to modulate the amplitude by the end of the medium. For a short response time ( τ = 0.1 ), not only does the profile of the forward propagating pulse undergo a major distortion into an arch-like shape, but also th ...
New approach to pulse propagation in nonlinear
New approach to pulse propagation in nonlinear

... [7–9]. Although the FDTD method solves the pulse propagation problem with the least approximations, it is relatively time-consuming and is typically useful only for propagation distances shorter than 1 mm. In this paper, we propose a novel intuitive approach for studying propagation of optical pulse ...
Experimental realization of three-dimensional indefinite cavities at the nanoscale with
Experimental realization of three-dimensional indefinite cavities at the nanoscale with

... anomalous scaling laws Xiaodong Yang1,2†, Jie Yao2†, Junsuk Rho2†, Xiaobo Yin1,2 and Xiang Zhang1,2 * Metamaterials allow for extraordinary electromagnetic properties that are not attainable in nature1–9. Indefinite media with hyperbolic dispersion, in particular, have found intriguing applications10 ...
Chapter 3 - Optoelectronics Research Centre
Chapter 3 - Optoelectronics Research Centre

... offers remarkable optical properties, however they have some undesirable mechanical properties too. The struts or ‘bridges’ between the air holes are thin and prone to breakage, especially given the brittle nature of soft glass. Ordinary step index fibres are generally cleaved by a ‘scratch and brea ...
Abstract
Abstract

... silicon laser in 2005. These landmarks present a promising future for this field. ...
Noise-related resolution limit of dispersion measurements with white
Noise-related resolution limit of dispersion measurements with white

... white-light interferometry. Here, the output of a broadband light source is fed into the interferometer, typically of Michelson type. The device under test (DUT) is placed in the sample arm, whereas the reference arm contains optics with known dispersion. The resulting interference pattern is monito ...
Selective inhibition of small-diameter axons using infrared light
Selective inhibition of small-diameter axons using infrared light

... We first define some of the constants and variables we will be using. Assume the axon is a cylinder of fixed diameter b. Let ...
375_Lo.pdf
375_Lo.pdf

... The effect of the dispersion on measuring the optical path difference related to the thickness and mean refractive index is slighter than that on measuring the apparent phase retardation of a birefringent sample. It is because the dispersion easily affects the amplitude of signals and results in th ...
Material Properties - CVI Melles Griot 2009 Technical Guide, Vol 2
Material Properties - CVI Melles Griot 2009 Technical Guide, Vol 2

... Cost is almost always a factor to consider when specifying materials. Furthermore, the cost of some materials, such as UV-grade synthetic fused silica, increases sharply with larger diameters because of the difficulty in obtaining large pieces of the material. ...
Dark solitons in mode-locked lasers Mark J. Ablowitz , Theodoros P. Horikis
Dark solitons in mode-locked lasers Mark J. Ablowitz , Theodoros P. Horikis

... lasers has become an indispensable tool in many research activities. Advances in optical frequency standards have resulted in the development of precise frequency measurement capability in the visible and nearinfrared spectral regions. Although the potential for using ML lasers in optical frequency ...
PDF
PDF

... depletion mode, where carriers are extracted rather than injected [4]–[6] and high-speed operation (30 GHz) has been obtained. However, without a p-n junction tailored to run in depletion mode in a tightly confined structure, these structures suffer from very small changes in refractive index, resul ...
Intensity and Phase Noise of Optical Sources
Intensity and Phase Noise of Optical Sources

... from beat measurements – either detector record the beat note between the frequency-shifted from a beat note between two part and the delayed part of the laser light. different lasers, or between the laser output and a delayed portion of it, often with an additional frequency shift provided by an ac ...
Advanced optics tutorials
Advanced optics tutorials

... through the optical system. Figure 4 shows such a ray. In this figure, we have chosen the maximal ray, that is, the ray that makes the maximal angle with the optical axis as it leaves the object, passing through the lens at its maximum clear aperture. This choice makes it easier, of course, to visua ...
Semiconductor Laser Diodes
Semiconductor Laser Diodes

... • Semiconductor laser diodes are cheap and easy to use compared to other types of lasers. • They can be used for many applications, and have the ability to be produced in a wide range of wavelengths and powers. • The most important electronic consideration is the fact that a precisely controlled cur ...
Femtosecond Laser Spectroscopy
Femtosecond Laser Spectroscopy

... Figure: Temporal evolution of optical power and losses in a passively mode-locked laser with a slow saturable absorber. The crucial intracavity component for passive mode locking is a saturable absorber. Saturable absorbers are commonly liquid organic dyes, but they can also be made from doped crys ...
Luz lenta y luz rápida en fibras ópticas
Luz lenta y luz rápida en fibras ópticas

... Figure 2 shows the experimental setup, in which the pump and probe signals are generated through the modulation of the light from one laser [12]. This results in an ideal stability as far as the frequency difference between pump and signal is concerned, that is essential regarding the narrow spectra ...
PDF
PDF

... object along the beam axis. A focused Gaussian beam has light intensity gradients both along the beam axis and perpendicular to it. The resulting optical gradient forces pul the high-index objects towards the focus with the highest intensity, and a stable trapping is achieved when they overcome the ...
Experimental demonstration of near-infrared
Experimental demonstration of near-infrared

... directive emission and phase front shaping [7, 8]. Self-collimation and focusing effects are demonstrated in zero-average index metamaterials supporting defect modes [9]. The inherent negative polarizability of the ENZ metamaterials also enables potential applications in electromagnetic transparency ...
Direct measurement of terahertz wavefront pulses using 2D electro
Direct measurement of terahertz wavefront pulses using 2D electro

... NeTHIS – New Terahertz Iimaging Systems, Mérignac, France ...
Persistent spectral hole burning in an organic material for temporal
Persistent spectral hole burning in an organic material for temporal

... 1. INTRODUCTION ...
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727 PP 06-11 www.iosrjournals.org
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727 PP 06-11 www.iosrjournals.org

... antenna is a function of maximum effective absorption and effective aperture. Therefore it is necessary to design optical antenna with large effective aperture and critically match quality factor (Q) Along with the dipole structure, the V-shaped metallic structures are the connection lines used to e ...
RESONANCE WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE AND MODE
RESONANCE WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE AND MODE

... resonant modes do not go to zero and show very intense peak at the corners due to non-negligible thickness. Moreover, FDTD simulations reveal that the usually considered linear relation between the resonant wavelength and the nanorod length has to be modified when the nanorod thickness is taken into ...
Ultra-thin plasmonic optical vortex plate based on phase
Ultra-thin plasmonic optical vortex plate based on phase

... of beam can also be directly generated by lasers as an intrinsic transverse mode11 or when an incident beam diffracts from fork-shaped intensity masks.10 Optical vortices are of great fundamental interest since they carry optical singularities5,12 and can attract and annihilate each other in pairs, ...
Optical spectroscopy and electronic structure of the face-centered icosahedral quasicrystals Zn- R
Optical spectroscopy and electronic structure of the face-centered icosahedral quasicrystals Zn- R

... high structural quality of the quasicrystals. The mass density  of the QCs was measured by the Micrometrics AccuPyc 1330 setup. The valence electron concentrations, determined from the recorded  values, are presented in Table I. The optical surfaces of single-grain QC samples were prepared by a ca ...
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Fiber-optic communication



Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. First developed in the 1970s, fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized the telecommunications industry and have played a major role in the advent of the Information Age. Because of its advantages over electrical transmission, optical fibers have largely replaced copper wire communications in core networks in the developed world. Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications companies to transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and cable television signals. Researchers at Bell Labs have reached internet speeds of over 100 petabit×kilometer per second using fiber-optic communication.The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal involving the use of a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak, receiving the optical signal, and converting it into an electrical signal.
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