rec-mediated recombinational hot spot activity in bacteriophage
... implicated i n the recombinational hot spot phenomenon, as is discussed in the companion publication (LAMet al. 1974). W e do not know if the bioi or bio69 substitution strains carry associated mutations (comparable to chi) which are separable from the substitution. Table 1 lists the Escherichia col ...
... implicated i n the recombinational hot spot phenomenon, as is discussed in the companion publication (LAMet al. 1974). W e do not know if the bioi or bio69 substitution strains carry associated mutations (comparable to chi) which are separable from the substitution. Table 1 lists the Escherichia col ...
Modeling Trabecular Microstructure Evolution via Genetic Algorithm by Samuel W. L. Shames
... Trabecular Architectures for evolution for two di↵erent genomes mapped onto the same set of points under the same stress state at three stages of evolution. The figure shows how drastically the microstructure of the system can change in only a small number of generations and how the general tendency ...
... Trabecular Architectures for evolution for two di↵erent genomes mapped onto the same set of points under the same stress state at three stages of evolution. The figure shows how drastically the microstructure of the system can change in only a small number of generations and how the general tendency ...
using the crispr/cas9 gene editing tool to develop a cure for
... molecule, the cas9 enzyme, and in some cases a template RNA strand for homology-directed repair (HDR). Homology-directed repair is a more accurate way of “sewing” the DNA back together after it has been cleaved, as opposed to its counterpart, nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), which can at times lead ...
... molecule, the cas9 enzyme, and in some cases a template RNA strand for homology-directed repair (HDR). Homology-directed repair is a more accurate way of “sewing” the DNA back together after it has been cleaved, as opposed to its counterpart, nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), which can at times lead ...
Population Genetics A Concise Guide - IB-USP
... This is precious little time in which to teach a subject, like population genetics, that stands quite apart from the rest of biology in the way that itmakes scientific progress. As there are no textbooks short enough for these chunks, I wrote a Minimalist's Guide t o Population Genetics. In this 21- ...
... This is precious little time in which to teach a subject, like population genetics, that stands quite apart from the rest of biology in the way that itmakes scientific progress. As there are no textbooks short enough for these chunks, I wrote a Minimalist's Guide t o Population Genetics. In this 21- ...
Evolutionary dynamics of RNA-like replicator systems
... reactions occurring in the cell. Nevertheless, RNA molecules are the actual catalyst of protein synthesis, one of the most vital reactions for life. It seems as if this role of RNA is a historical contingency. The second implication is that not only proteins, but also RNA can function as an efficien ...
... reactions occurring in the cell. Nevertheless, RNA molecules are the actual catalyst of protein synthesis, one of the most vital reactions for life. It seems as if this role of RNA is a historical contingency. The second implication is that not only proteins, but also RNA can function as an efficien ...
PDF
... Interestingly, in Arabidopsis thaliana, based on a well-documented recent genome duplication event, intragenomic conserved noncoding sequences have also been investigated, and a unique set of noncoding DNA sequences enriched for function has been uncovered [8]. The above observations indicate that a ...
... Interestingly, in Arabidopsis thaliana, based on a well-documented recent genome duplication event, intragenomic conserved noncoding sequences have also been investigated, and a unique set of noncoding DNA sequences enriched for function has been uncovered [8]. The above observations indicate that a ...
evolution - Santa Fe Institute
... phenotype in the face of heritable perturbations (genetic or epigenetic). To be more specific, we focus on recurrent mutations (i.e., mutational robustness). In this case, a reasonable measure of genetic robustness of a trait is the inverse of the mutational variance, Vm, of this trait, that is, the ...
... phenotype in the face of heritable perturbations (genetic or epigenetic). To be more specific, we focus on recurrent mutations (i.e., mutational robustness). In this case, a reasonable measure of genetic robustness of a trait is the inverse of the mutational variance, Vm, of this trait, that is, the ...
Figure Captions - Blackwell Publishing
... frequencies. The initial genotype frequencies are represented by D, H, and R. When either of the homozygotes mates with an individual with the same genotype, all progeny bear their parent’s homozygous genotype. When two heterozygote individuals mate, the expected genotype frequencies among the proge ...
... frequencies. The initial genotype frequencies are represented by D, H, and R. When either of the homozygotes mates with an individual with the same genotype, all progeny bear their parent’s homozygous genotype. When two heterozygote individuals mate, the expected genotype frequencies among the proge ...
Brassinosteroids Rescue the Deficiency of CYP90, a Cytochrome
... COP, and FUS genes are thought to code for specific negative regulators of light signaling because the developmental and molecular phenotypes of det, cop, and fus mutants are not altered by the hy mutations of photoreceptors (Quail et al., 1995). Nonetheless, because these mutations have severe plei ...
... COP, and FUS genes are thought to code for specific negative regulators of light signaling because the developmental and molecular phenotypes of det, cop, and fus mutants are not altered by the hy mutations of photoreceptors (Quail et al., 1995). Nonetheless, because these mutations have severe plei ...
Transfer of genetic material between the
... maize where nested insertions of families occur. The multiple insertions of transposable elements in maize are either due to low selection for deleterious effects in these regions or to a structure that is available so that preferred sites for insertion are developed. The non-random distribution of ...
... maize where nested insertions of families occur. The multiple insertions of transposable elements in maize are either due to low selection for deleterious effects in these regions or to a structure that is available so that preferred sites for insertion are developed. The non-random distribution of ...
Problem Sets - MIT Biology
... dominant phenotypes were used (and these cannot be used in complementation tests), or strains that were not true-breeding were used. Using strains that are not true-breeding is not the proper way to do a complementation test, because then multiple genotypes and phenotypes are produced instead of jus ...
... dominant phenotypes were used (and these cannot be used in complementation tests), or strains that were not true-breeding were used. Using strains that are not true-breeding is not the proper way to do a complementation test, because then multiple genotypes and phenotypes are produced instead of jus ...
hirota - Genetics
... containing these mutations were pili+ and others were pili-. That such phenotypically similar mutants were obtained as deletion mutations may suggest the presence of subunits in cistron C which probably control piliation. The pili+ mutants having deletions for all of cistron A and at the same time, ...
... containing these mutations were pili+ and others were pili-. That such phenotypically similar mutants were obtained as deletion mutations may suggest the presence of subunits in cistron C which probably control piliation. The pili+ mutants having deletions for all of cistron A and at the same time, ...
Diploidy and the selective advantage for sexual reproduction in
... organisms to survive in a co-evolutionary “genetic arms race” with quickly reproducing parasites. This theory derives its name from a character named the Red Queen in Lewis Carroll’s In the Looking Glass, who states, “It takes all the running you can do to stay in one place” (Hamilton et al. 1990). ...
... organisms to survive in a co-evolutionary “genetic arms race” with quickly reproducing parasites. This theory derives its name from a character named the Red Queen in Lewis Carroll’s In the Looking Glass, who states, “It takes all the running you can do to stay in one place” (Hamilton et al. 1990). ...
Diversity of DNA methyltransferases that recognize asymmetric
... S-adenosyl-L-methionine in a sequence-specific manner. Orthodox Type II DNA MTases usually recognize palindromic DNA sequences and add a methyl group to the target base (either adenine or cytosine) on both strands. However, there are a number of MTases that recognize asymmetric target sequences and ...
... S-adenosyl-L-methionine in a sequence-specific manner. Orthodox Type II DNA MTases usually recognize palindromic DNA sequences and add a methyl group to the target base (either adenine or cytosine) on both strands. However, there are a number of MTases that recognize asymmetric target sequences and ...
5 DNA Replication
... home,‖ is whispered to a child, who runs to a second child and repeats the message. The message is relayed from child to child around the schoolyard until it returns to the original sender. Inevitably, the last child returns with an amazingly transformed message, such as ―Joe Brown has a pig living ...
... home,‖ is whispered to a child, who runs to a second child and repeats the message. The message is relayed from child to child around the schoolyard until it returns to the original sender. Inevitably, the last child returns with an amazingly transformed message, such as ―Joe Brown has a pig living ...
Exome sequencing as a tool for Mendelian disease gene discovery
... largely been limited to assessing rare variants that have been found by the targeted sequencing of candidate genes or of genomic regions identified by linkage or genome-wide association studies (GWASs): the assumption is that rare variants that influence a trait colocalize with common variants that ...
... largely been limited to assessing rare variants that have been found by the targeted sequencing of candidate genes or of genomic regions identified by linkage or genome-wide association studies (GWASs): the assumption is that rare variants that influence a trait colocalize with common variants that ...
Syllabus PDF
... health care providers. Its use does not, and should not be considered to ensure a successful outcome on the certification examinations offered by the American Board of Medical Genetics and Genomics or the American Board of Genetic Counseling, or any other examinations. The course should not be consi ...
... health care providers. Its use does not, and should not be considered to ensure a successful outcome on the certification examinations offered by the American Board of Medical Genetics and Genomics or the American Board of Genetic Counseling, or any other examinations. The course should not be consi ...
molecular genetics of tibial muscular dystrophy (tmd) and - E
... During the preceding two decades, there has been immense progress in resolving the molecular genetic background of the inherited muscular dystrophies and myopathies. Most of the classified entities have been assigned to a chromosomal locus or the causative gene and mutations are known. This has resu ...
... During the preceding two decades, there has been immense progress in resolving the molecular genetic background of the inherited muscular dystrophies and myopathies. Most of the classified entities have been assigned to a chromosomal locus or the causative gene and mutations are known. This has resu ...
1 Article: Investigation Evidence for Stabilizing Selection on Codon
... are expected to occur at equal frequencies for each amino acid (Hershberg and Petrov 2008). In a wide variety of species, ranging from viruses to mammals, synonymous codons are utilized at different frequencies, a phenomenon known as codon bias (Ikemura 1981; Akashi 1994; Lynn et al. 2002; Novella e ...
... are expected to occur at equal frequencies for each amino acid (Hershberg and Petrov 2008). In a wide variety of species, ranging from viruses to mammals, synonymous codons are utilized at different frequencies, a phenomenon known as codon bias (Ikemura 1981; Akashi 1994; Lynn et al. 2002; Novella e ...
Genetic analysis of non-syndromic craniosynostosis
... craniosynostosis (34) that were later categorized as having Muenke syndrome (35). Analysis of 26 patients with coronal craniosynostosis found this mutation in 31% of the cases (36). On the basis of statistical analysis, these investigators suggest that up to 52% of all cases with coronal synostosis ...
... craniosynostosis (34) that were later categorized as having Muenke syndrome (35). Analysis of 26 patients with coronal craniosynostosis found this mutation in 31% of the cases (36). On the basis of statistical analysis, these investigators suggest that up to 52% of all cases with coronal synostosis ...
Rate variation during molecular evolution: creationism and the
... be the case the relevant non-synonymous mutation must first become fixed throughout a population. Once this happens a new amino acid has been substituted in a specific location within the amino acid sequence that constitutes the protein. The rate at which these amino acid substitutions take place fo ...
... be the case the relevant non-synonymous mutation must first become fixed throughout a population. Once this happens a new amino acid has been substituted in a specific location within the amino acid sequence that constitutes the protein. The rate at which these amino acid substitutions take place fo ...
Trans-acting siRNA-mediated repression of ETTIN
... that abaxial trichome production is sensitive to the dose of ETT. In summary, these results indicate that ETT and ARF4 promote the expression of at least two juvenile traits – ‘circular/elliptical’ leaf morphology and the absence of abaxial trichomes – and are required for the effect of zip-2 on the ...
... that abaxial trichome production is sensitive to the dose of ETT. In summary, these results indicate that ETT and ARF4 promote the expression of at least two juvenile traits – ‘circular/elliptical’ leaf morphology and the absence of abaxial trichomes – and are required for the effect of zip-2 on the ...
Microbiology
... (van den Broek et al., 2005) restored the phase I phenotype in these bacteria. Introduction of the parent vector pME6010 did not affect the phase II phenotype in these phase II colonies. Expression of rpoS is dependent on growth phase and gac RT-PCR was used to study the effect of gacA/S on rpoS exp ...
... (van den Broek et al., 2005) restored the phase I phenotype in these bacteria. Introduction of the parent vector pME6010 did not affect the phase II phenotype in these phase II colonies. Expression of rpoS is dependent on growth phase and gac RT-PCR was used to study the effect of gacA/S on rpoS exp ...
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements. Mutations result from damage to DNA which is not repaired or to RNA genomes (typically caused by radiation or chemical mutagens), errors in the process of replication, or from the insertion or deletion of segments of DNA by mobile genetic elements. Mutations may or may not produce discernible changes in the observable characteristics (phenotype) of an organism. Mutations play a part in both normal and abnormal biological processes including: evolution, cancer, and the development of the immune system, including junctional diversity.Mutation can result in several different types of change in sequences. Mutations in genes can either have no effect, alter the product of a gene, or prevent the gene from functioning properly or completely. Mutations can also occur in nongenic regions. One study on genetic variations between different species of Drosophila suggests that, if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, the result is likely to be harmful, with an estimated 70 percent of amino acid polymorphisms that have damaging effects, and the remainder being either neutral or weakly beneficial. Due to the damaging effects that mutations can have on genes, organisms have mechanisms such as DNA repair to prevent or correct mutations by reverting the mutated sequence back to its original state.