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time series econometrics: some basic concepts
time series econometrics: some basic concepts

The Simple Linear Regression Model
The Simple Linear Regression Model

... estimators. Are they unbiased? What are their standard errors? Section 2.4 of ALR, and the associated appendix sections, A.3 and A.4, develop formulas for these properties that are given in many traditional regression textbooks. These formulas can be confusing to someone with an intermediate level o ...
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new frontiers for arch modelers

Analyzing beta diversity: partitioning the spatial variation of
Analyzing beta diversity: partitioning the spatial variation of

... the environmental variables explain a significant proportion of the community composition variation. In this contribution, we explain how hypotheses about the origin of beta diversity can be tested by partitioning the spatial variation of community composition (presence– absence or abundance data) w ...
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... and friendship, these models are not constructed so as to closely mimic physiology or some other applicationspecific characteristic. The agents, in fact, simply have one continuous-valued attribute with an intrinsic rate of growth of that attribute (which may be mean zero), and a propensity to devel ...
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... will exist inconsistency or 00contradiction00 among measurements, also called misclosure. One of the tasks of geodetic and photogrammetric computations is to get rid of misclosures among measurements in an optimal way according to some estimation criteria (such as the least squares principle). These ...
CHAPTER 3 CLASSICAL LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS
CHAPTER 3 CLASSICAL LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS

... where Xt = (1; Yt 1 )0 : Obviously, E(Xt "t ) = E(Xt )E("t ) = 0 but E(Xt+1 "t ) 6= 0: Thus, we have E("t jX) 6= 0; and so Assumption 3.2 does not hold. In Chapter 5, we will consider linear regression models with dependent observations, which will include this example as a special case. In fact, th ...
GWmodel: an R Package for Exploring Spatial Heterogeneity
GWmodel: an R Package for Exploring Spatial Heterogeneity

... described well by some universal or global model, but where there are spatial regions where a suitably localised model calibration provides a better description. The approach uses a moving window weighting technique, where localised models are found at target locations. Here, for an individual model ...
1 - UCONN
1 - UCONN

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Data assimilation

Data assimilation is the process by which observations are incorporated into a computer model of a real system. Applications of data assimilation arise in many fields of geosciences, perhaps most importantly in weather forecasting and hydrology. The most commonly used form of data assimilation proceeds by analysis cycles. In each analysis cycle, observations of the current (and possibly past) state of a system are combined with the results from a numerical model (the forecast) to produce an analysis, which is considered as 'the best' estimate of the current state of the system. This is called the analysis step. Essentially, the analysis step tries to balance the uncertainty in the data and in the forecast. The result may be the best estimate of the physical system, but it may not the best estimate of the model's incomplete representation of that system, so some filtering may be required. The model is then advanced in time and its result becomes the forecast in the next analysis cycle. As an alternative to analysis cycles, data assimilation can proceed by some sort of nudging process, where the model equations themselves are modified to add terms that continuously push the model towards observations.
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