Anaerobic Glucose and Serine Metabolism in Staphy
... aldolase was found to be a class I aldolase. Despite the presence of ribokinase, D-ribose-5phosphate isomerase, transaldolase and transketolase, the organisms utilized ribose only after growth aerobically in basal medium, and then at a slow rate after an initial lag period. INTRODUCTION ...
... aldolase was found to be a class I aldolase. Despite the presence of ribokinase, D-ribose-5phosphate isomerase, transaldolase and transketolase, the organisms utilized ribose only after growth aerobically in basal medium, and then at a slow rate after an initial lag period. INTRODUCTION ...
The Biochemistry of Alcohol Toxicity -R-ES-O-N-A-N--CE--I-O-c
... reaction, which accounts for the observed accumulation of lactate. Other redox reactions depending on NAD+ that occur in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Figure 2) also sitftilarly become slower in the presence of alcohol. The maximum rate of oxidation of acetate may not be more than 25% of the normal. ...
... reaction, which accounts for the observed accumulation of lactate. Other redox reactions depending on NAD+ that occur in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Figure 2) also sitftilarly become slower in the presence of alcohol. The maximum rate of oxidation of acetate may not be more than 25% of the normal. ...
Pharmaceutical Faculty 3- d course Module 1 General principles of
... The formation of glycogen B. The formation of urea C. Conversion of fat and/ or protein to glucose D. The anaerobic metabolism of glucose E. Conversion of glycogen to glucose ANSWER: E 2. The regulation of normal blood sugar level is accomplished by A. Insulin, glucagon and adrenalin B. Cell tissue ...
... The formation of glycogen B. The formation of urea C. Conversion of fat and/ or protein to glucose D. The anaerobic metabolism of glucose E. Conversion of glycogen to glucose ANSWER: E 2. The regulation of normal blood sugar level is accomplished by A. Insulin, glucagon and adrenalin B. Cell tissue ...
Acid–Base Problems in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
... Unless oxidative phosphorylation is markedly uncoupled during diabetic ketoacidosis, it is likely that the rate of ketoacid production will not be substantially higher than it is in people with ketosis caused by prolonged starvation. Thus, a severe degree of acidemia may develop in patients with dia ...
... Unless oxidative phosphorylation is markedly uncoupled during diabetic ketoacidosis, it is likely that the rate of ketoacid production will not be substantially higher than it is in people with ketosis caused by prolonged starvation. Thus, a severe degree of acidemia may develop in patients with dia ...
06_Lecture_Presentation - Cornerstone Charter Academy
... 6.13 Fermentation enables cells to produce ATP without oxygen Your muscle cells and certain bacteria can oxidize NADH through lactic acid fermentation – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the ...
... 6.13 Fermentation enables cells to produce ATP without oxygen Your muscle cells and certain bacteria can oxidize NADH through lactic acid fermentation – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the ...
IEMs Emergency Management
... • Septic picture of Acute overwhelming neonatal presentation: poor feeding, lethargy to coma (encephalopathy) and Sz (myoclonic high amplitude tremors) • Continuing deterioration despite Abx and –ve full sepsis screening • Episodic stress-related post-neonatal presentation of neonatal Sx [ stress= f ...
... • Septic picture of Acute overwhelming neonatal presentation: poor feeding, lethargy to coma (encephalopathy) and Sz (myoclonic high amplitude tremors) • Continuing deterioration despite Abx and –ve full sepsis screening • Episodic stress-related post-neonatal presentation of neonatal Sx [ stress= f ...
Part a
... hormone synthesis • In the liver • Synthesis of transport lipoproteins for cholesterol and fats • Synthesis of cholesterol from acetyl CoA • Use of cholesterol to form bile salts ...
... hormone synthesis • In the liver • Synthesis of transport lipoproteins for cholesterol and fats • Synthesis of cholesterol from acetyl CoA • Use of cholesterol to form bile salts ...
Correlation of Hyperglycemia and Succinate dehydrogenase Activity
... Hymenolepis nana, the common intestinal dwarf tapeworm of mouse and man, especially in the tropics and the subtropics[1], is the only known cestode which can be transmitted directly[2-3]. In hymenolepiasis not only the histology of the host gets traumatized[4], but marked alterations in the tissue s ...
... Hymenolepis nana, the common intestinal dwarf tapeworm of mouse and man, especially in the tropics and the subtropics[1], is the only known cestode which can be transmitted directly[2-3]. In hymenolepiasis not only the histology of the host gets traumatized[4], but marked alterations in the tissue s ...
Slide 1
... 6.11 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic fuel, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • For each turn of the citric acid cycle – Two CO2 molecules are released – The energy yield is one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2 ...
... 6.11 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic fuel, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • For each turn of the citric acid cycle – Two CO2 molecules are released – The energy yield is one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2 ...
Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration
... • Billions of years ago, eukaryotic life engulfed mitochondria and kept them around. • Why was this an evolutionary advantage? – Tons more ATP! ...
... • Billions of years ago, eukaryotic life engulfed mitochondria and kept them around. • Why was this an evolutionary advantage? – Tons more ATP! ...
The Growth of Micro-organisms in Relation to their
... carbohydrates. Thus, S.faecalis converts glucose to lactic acid and L. mesenteroides to an equimolecular mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and carbon dioxide. The yields of the fermentation products were almost quantitative, suggesting that very little of the glucose was assimilated and that it was us ...
... carbohydrates. Thus, S.faecalis converts glucose to lactic acid and L. mesenteroides to an equimolecular mixture of lactic acid, ethanol and carbon dioxide. The yields of the fermentation products were almost quantitative, suggesting that very little of the glucose was assimilated and that it was us ...
Cellular Respiration
... Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 The electron transport chain generates no ATP The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts ...
... Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 The electron transport chain generates no ATP The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts ...
Muscle Energy Metabolism
... and rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis. Furthermore muscle NADH decreases during low-intensity exercise, but it increases above resting values during high-intensity exercise. The increase in muscle NADH can result from limited availability of O2 in the contracting muscle. During intense exercise, th ...
... and rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis. Furthermore muscle NADH decreases during low-intensity exercise, but it increases above resting values during high-intensity exercise. The increase in muscle NADH can result from limited availability of O2 in the contracting muscle. During intense exercise, th ...
lipoprotein metabolism
... This animation shows how VLDL are metabolised once they enter the circulation from the liver Tissues ...
... This animation shows how VLDL are metabolised once they enter the circulation from the liver Tissues ...
acetyl CoA carboxylase
... • Occurs mainly in liver and adipocytes, in mammary glands during lactation • Occurs in cytoplasm ...
... • Occurs mainly in liver and adipocytes, in mammary glands during lactation • Occurs in cytoplasm ...
Metabolism of “surplus” amino acids
... The energy cost of urea synthesis Examination of the urea synthesis cycle (Fig. 1) would suggest an energy cost of 4 £ ATP equivalents per mol of urea synthesized – the figure that is commonly quoted in textbooks. However, the fumarate that is released by the action of argininosuccinase is recycled ...
... The energy cost of urea synthesis Examination of the urea synthesis cycle (Fig. 1) would suggest an energy cost of 4 £ ATP equivalents per mol of urea synthesized – the figure that is commonly quoted in textbooks. However, the fumarate that is released by the action of argininosuccinase is recycled ...
Bio Chemistry (Power Point File) - Homoeopathy Clinics In India
... broken down by deamination, and the processs of direct amination or transamination are used to resynthesize some of these amino-acids. Products of deamination formed at one site can be reaminated elsewhere and so re-enter the 'amino acid pool'. 4. Ammonia Ammonia formed by the kidney tubule cells, m ...
... broken down by deamination, and the processs of direct amination or transamination are used to resynthesize some of these amino-acids. Products of deamination formed at one site can be reaminated elsewhere and so re-enter the 'amino acid pool'. 4. Ammonia Ammonia formed by the kidney tubule cells, m ...
You Light Up My Life - Hillsborough Community College
... • Animals get energy second- or thirdhand from plants or other organisms • Regardless, the energy is converted to the chemical bond energy of ATP ...
... • Animals get energy second- or thirdhand from plants or other organisms • Regardless, the energy is converted to the chemical bond energy of ATP ...
Lecture 27
... When aa breakdown rates increase, excess nitrogen must be excreted. This results in increase in Glu through transamination reactions. Excess Glu causes an increase in N-acetylglutamate which stimulates CPS I causing increases in urea cycle. ...
... When aa breakdown rates increase, excess nitrogen must be excreted. This results in increase in Glu through transamination reactions. Excess Glu causes an increase in N-acetylglutamate which stimulates CPS I causing increases in urea cycle. ...
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and other Energy
... 1- Plants make ATP during photosynthesis. 2- All other organisms, including plants, must produce ATP by breaking down molecules such as glucose. Aerobic respiration : the process by which a cell uses O2 to "burn" molecules and release energy. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O Note: this reaction is the o ...
... 1- Plants make ATP during photosynthesis. 2- All other organisms, including plants, must produce ATP by breaking down molecules such as glucose. Aerobic respiration : the process by which a cell uses O2 to "burn" molecules and release energy. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O Note: this reaction is the o ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.