75. In yeast, if the electron transport system is shut down because of
... __ 87. Some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes. Some bacteria, however, are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen. If given the choice of using oxygen or not, which should a facultative anaerobe perform? ...
... __ 87. Some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes. Some bacteria, however, are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen. If given the choice of using oxygen or not, which should a facultative anaerobe perform? ...
How Cells Release Chemical Energy
... pancreas increases insulin secretion • Cells take up glucose faster, more ATP is formed, glycogen and fatty-acid production increases ...
... pancreas increases insulin secretion • Cells take up glucose faster, more ATP is formed, glycogen and fatty-acid production increases ...
Bioenergetics and ioenergetics and Metabolism etabolism
... The central metabolic pathways (Fig. 19–1) include all 5 of the energy-conserving pathways listed in the preceding section. In addition to supplying the cell with energy, these central pathways provide precursors required for the formation of the carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids whi ...
... The central metabolic pathways (Fig. 19–1) include all 5 of the energy-conserving pathways listed in the preceding section. In addition to supplying the cell with energy, these central pathways provide precursors required for the formation of the carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids whi ...
Preliminary Results of Egypt Experience for Use of Tandem Mass... Expanded Metabolic Screening
... technology was effective in identifying several metabolic disorders. Overall incidence was found to be high particularly among disabled children, who could have been saved from disabilities if expanded NBS was offered. The study provided the first Egyptian reference values for amino acids and acylca ...
... technology was effective in identifying several metabolic disorders. Overall incidence was found to be high particularly among disabled children, who could have been saved from disabilities if expanded NBS was offered. The study provided the first Egyptian reference values for amino acids and acylca ...
Cellular Respiration
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
kbook or W METABOLIC DISEASE
... these essential nutrients in more detail. You may already be able to list some food sources rich in these nutrients, in this course we will also explore the functions of nutrients in the body and how much of each nutrient you need to keep your body running smoothly. In addition to maintaining specif ...
... these essential nutrients in more detail. You may already be able to list some food sources rich in these nutrients, in this course we will also explore the functions of nutrients in the body and how much of each nutrient you need to keep your body running smoothly. In addition to maintaining specif ...
Chapter 9
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
Fatty acid
... hydrophobic molecules • Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers • Lipids are hydrophobic because … • The most biologically important lipids are fats, phospholipids, and steroids • Fats are constructed from two types of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty ac ...
... hydrophobic molecules • Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers • Lipids are hydrophobic because … • The most biologically important lipids are fats, phospholipids, and steroids • Fats are constructed from two types of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty ac ...
File
... • Alanine with a methyl group is the next simplest. • Phenylalanine arises when a phenyl group replaces an H on alanine’s methyl group • Tyrosine evolves by adding an –OH group to the para position on the phenyl ring of phenylalanine ...
... • Alanine with a methyl group is the next simplest. • Phenylalanine arises when a phenyl group replaces an H on alanine’s methyl group • Tyrosine evolves by adding an –OH group to the para position on the phenyl ring of phenylalanine ...
Chapter 9 Cell Respiration
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
Utilization of fats and amino acids as fuels
... • Acetyl coAs go into the TCA cycle, NADH &FADH to the ET chain ...
... • Acetyl coAs go into the TCA cycle, NADH &FADH to the ET chain ...
Fructose: Metabolic, Hedonic, and Societal
... approximately 10% is metabolized by the stomach and stomach and intestine in a “first-pass” effect before entry into the portal circulation (42). Another 10% are metabolized by muscle and kidney. So approximately 96 calories reach the liver, accounting for four times the substrate as for glucose. Et ...
... approximately 10% is metabolized by the stomach and stomach and intestine in a “first-pass” effect before entry into the portal circulation (42). Another 10% are metabolized by muscle and kidney. So approximately 96 calories reach the liver, accounting for four times the substrate as for glucose. Et ...
Quantitative amino acids analysis for the diagnosis and follow up of
... Argininosuccinic acid is the key analyte o Argininosuccinic acid exists in two forms: free acid (usually most abundant) and anhydride o The argininosuccinic acid-related compounds (free and anhydrides compounds) co-elute with other amino acids by Ion Exchange Chromatography ...
... Argininosuccinic acid is the key analyte o Argininosuccinic acid exists in two forms: free acid (usually most abundant) and anhydride o The argininosuccinic acid-related compounds (free and anhydrides compounds) co-elute with other amino acids by Ion Exchange Chromatography ...
Flux distributions in anaerobic, glucose-limited
... between the two compartments. The function of these carriers has been established in anaerobically grown cells (Perkins et al., 1973). Carriers for all intermediates of the TCA cycle, except for succinyl-CoA, have been reported, which implies that no compartmentation of these compounds is included i ...
... between the two compartments. The function of these carriers has been established in anaerobically grown cells (Perkins et al., 1973). Carriers for all intermediates of the TCA cycle, except for succinyl-CoA, have been reported, which implies that no compartmentation of these compounds is included i ...
Amino acids and protein (lec. 2%2c 2015)
... III- Nutritional classification: 1- Essential amino acids: These amino acids can’t be formed in the body and so, it is essential to be taken in diet. Their deficiency affects growth, health and protein synthesis. 2- Semiessential amino acids: These are formed in the body but not in sufficient amoun ...
... III- Nutritional classification: 1- Essential amino acids: These amino acids can’t be formed in the body and so, it is essential to be taken in diet. Their deficiency affects growth, health and protein synthesis. 2- Semiessential amino acids: These are formed in the body but not in sufficient amoun ...
Muscle glycogenoses: an overview
... man muscle utilizes almost exclusively fatty acids, as indicated by the very low respiratory quotient (around 0.7). At the other end of the spectrum, during extremely intense exercise, close to vO2max, energy derives mostly from glycogen through anaerobic glycolysis, a cytosolic pathway (Fig. 1). Du ...
... man muscle utilizes almost exclusively fatty acids, as indicated by the very low respiratory quotient (around 0.7). At the other end of the spectrum, during extremely intense exercise, close to vO2max, energy derives mostly from glycogen through anaerobic glycolysis, a cytosolic pathway (Fig. 1). Du ...
Discussion - AHCC Published Research
... Liver cytochrome P450 measured in this research was decreased in CCI4 group. For the cause of decreasing P450, since P460 content usually depend on the content of protein, the possibilities are whether heme protein change of composition or metabolism damaged or the change of P450 active part, e.g. C ...
... Liver cytochrome P450 measured in this research was decreased in CCI4 group. For the cause of decreasing P450, since P460 content usually depend on the content of protein, the possibilities are whether heme protein change of composition or metabolism damaged or the change of P450 active part, e.g. C ...
Functional lipidomics of oxidized products from polyunsaturated fatty
... (Guichardant et al. 2006; Bacot et al. 2007) (Figure 1). It can however be argued that hydroxyalkenals are reactive enough to make covalent adducts with protein residues (on thiol and amine groups) as well as with amino-phospholipids and other bio-amines (Jürgens et al. 1990; Guichardant et al. 1998 ...
... (Guichardant et al. 2006; Bacot et al. 2007) (Figure 1). It can however be argued that hydroxyalkenals are reactive enough to make covalent adducts with protein residues (on thiol and amine groups) as well as with amino-phospholipids and other bio-amines (Jürgens et al. 1990; Guichardant et al. 1998 ...
cell respiration
... – ATP energy activates glucose and its six-carbon derivatives – Actually uses 2 ATP’s • Energy-releasing steps – The products of the first part are split into 2 three carbon pyruvate molecules – 4 ATP and 2NADH form – 4 ATP’s form – 2 ATP’s used = 2 net ATP’s made ...
... – ATP energy activates glucose and its six-carbon derivatives – Actually uses 2 ATP’s • Energy-releasing steps – The products of the first part are split into 2 three carbon pyruvate molecules – 4 ATP and 2NADH form – 4 ATP’s form – 2 ATP’s used = 2 net ATP’s made ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.