Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Document
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
GAU Flight Training Organisation Course Code: AVM051 Course Name: MeterologyII Course Description: Weather Theory for Pilots is an interactive program designed to help General Aviation pilots better understand and apply weather theory and technologies to their flying activities. Meteorology is the study of the Earth's atmosphere, a component of Earth system science. Meteorology students build a comprehensive knowledge of meteorology and gain in-depth exposure to fields like environmental science, climate science and atmospheric chemistry. Course Syllabus: 050 01 00 00 050 01 01 00 050 01 01 01 050 01 01 02 050 01 01 03 050 01 02 00 050 01 02 01 050 01 02 02 050 01 02 03 050 01 02 04 050 01 02 05 050 01 02 06 050 01 03 00 050 01 03 01 050 01 03 02 050 01 03 03 050 01 03 04 050 01 04 00 050 01 04 01 050 01 05 00 050 01 05 01 050 01 06 00 050 01 06 01 050 01 06 02 050 01 06 03 050 01 06 04 050 02 00 00 050 02 01 00 050 02 01 01 050 02 02 00 050 02 02 01 050 02 02 02 050 02 02 03 THE ATMOSPHERE COMPOSITION, EXTENT, VERTICAL DIVISION Structure of the atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere AIR TEMPERATURE Definition and units Vertical distribution of temperature Transfer of heat Lapse rates Development of inversions, types of inversions Temperature near the earth's surface, surface effects, diurnal and seasonal variation, effect of clouds, effect of wind ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE Barometric pressure, isobars Pressure variation with height, contours (isohypses) Reduction of pressure to mean sea level, QFF Relationship between surface pressure centres and pressure centres aloft AIR DENSITY Relationship between pressure, temperature and density ICAO STANDARD ATMOSPHERE (ISA) ICAO Standard Atmosphere ALTIMETRY Terminology and definitions Altimeter settings Calculations Effect of accelerated airflow due to topography WIND DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT OF WIND Definition and measurement PRIMARY CAUSE OF WIND Primary cause of wind, pressure gradient, coriolis force, qradient wind Variation of wind in the friction layer Effects of convergence and divergence GAU Flight Training Organisation 050 050 050 050 02 02 02 02 03 03 04 04 00 01 00 01 050 02 05 00 050 02 05 01 050 02 06 00 050 02 06 01 050 02 06 02 050 02 06 03 050 02 07 00 050 02 07 01 050 02 07 02 050 02 07 03 050 02 07 04 050 03 00 00 050 03 01 00 050 03 01 01 050 03 01 02 050 03 01 03 050 03 02 00 050 03 02 01 050 03 03 00 050 03 03 01 050 04 00 00 050 04 01 00 050 04 01 01 050 04 01 02 050 04 01 03 050 04 01 04 050 04 02 00 050 04 02 01 050 04 02 02 050 04 02 03 050 04 02 04 050 04 02 05 050 04 02 06 050 05 00 00 050 05 01 00 050 05 01 01 050 05 02 00 050 05 02 01 050 06 00 00 050 06 01 00 050 06 01 01 050 06 01 02 050 06 02 00 050 06 02 01 050 06 02 02 050 06 02 03 050 06 02 04 050 06 02 05 GENERAL GLOBAL CIRCULATION General circulation around the globe LOCAL WINDS Anabatic and katabatic winds, mountain and valley winds, venturi effects, land and sea breezes MOUNTAIN WAVES (STANDING WAVES, LEE WAVES) Origin and characteristics TURBULENCE Description and types of turbulence Formation and location of turbulence Clear Air Turbulence (CAT): Description, cause and location JET STREAMS Description Formation and properties of jet streams Location of jet streams and associated CAT areas Jet stream recognition THERMODYNAMICS HUMIDITY Water vapour in the atmosphere Mixing ratio Temperature/dew point, relative humidity CHANGE OF STATE OF AGGREGATION Condensation, evaporation, sublimation, freezing and melting, latent heat ADIABATIC PROCESSES Adiabatic processes, stability of the atmosphere CLOUDS AND FOG CLOUD FORMATION AND DESCRIPTION Cloud formation Cloud types and cloud classification Influence of inversions on cloud development Flying conditions in each cloud type FOG, MIST, HAZE General aspects Radiation fog Advection fog Steam fog Frontal fog Orographic fog (hill fog) PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT OF PRECIPITATION Process of development of precipitation TYPES OF PRECIPITATION Types of precipitation, relationship with cloud types AIR MASSES AND FRONTS AIR MASSES Description, classification and source regions of air masses Modifications of air masses FRONTS General aspects Warm front, associated clouds and weather Cold front, associated clouds and weather Warm sector, associated clouds and weather Weather behind the cold front GAU Flight Training Organisation 050 06 02 06 050 06 02 07 050 06 02 08 050 06 02 09 050 07 00 00 050 07 01 00 050 07 01 01 050 07 02 00 050 07 02 01 050 07 03 00 050 07 03 01 050 07 04 00 050 07 04 01 050 07 04 02 050 08 00 00 050 08 01 00 050 08 01 01 050 08 01 02 050 08 02 00 050 08 02 01 050 08 02 02 050 08 02 03 050 08 02 04 050 08 02 05 050 08 03 00 050 08 03 01 050 08 03 02 050 08 03 03 050 08 03 04 050 08 04 00 050 08 04 01 050 08 04 02 050 09 00 00 050 09 01 00 050 09 01 01 050 09 01 02 050 09 01 03 050 09 02 00 050 09 02 01 050 09 01 02 050 09 03 00 050 09 03 01 050 09 03 02 050 09 03 03 050 09 04 00 050 09 04 01 050 09 04 02 050 09 04 03 050 09 04 04 050 09 04 05 Occlusions, associated clouds and weather Stationary front, associated clouds and weather Movement of fronts and pressure systems, life cycle Changes of meteorological elements at a frontal wave PRESSURE SYSTEMS THE PRINCIPAL PRESSURE AREAS Location of the principal pressure areas ANTICYCLONE Anticyclones, types, general properties, cold and warm anticyclones, ridqes and wedqes, subsidence NON FRONTAL DEPRESSIONS Thermal-, orographic-, polar- and secondary depressions, trouqhs TROPICAL REVOLVING STORMS Characteristics of tropical revolving storms Origin and local names, location and period of occurrence CLIMATOLOGY CLIMATIC ZONES General circulation in the troposphere and lower stratosphere Climatic classification TROPICAL CLIMATOLOGY Cause and development of tropical showers and thunderstorms: humidity, temperature, tropopause Seasonal variations of weather and wind, typical synoptic situations Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), weather in the ITCZ, qeneral seasonal movement Monsoon, sandstorms, cold air outbreaks Easterly waves TYPICAL WEATHER SITUATIONS IN THE MID-LATITUDES Westerly situation (westerlies) High pressure area Flat pressure pattern Cold air pool (cold air drop) LOCAL WINDS AND ASSOCIATED WEATHER Foehn, Mistral, Bora, Scirocco, Ghibli and Khamsin Harmattan FLIGHT HAZARDS ICING Conditions for ice accretion Types of ice accretion Hazards of ice accretion, avoidance TURBULENCE Effects on flight, avoidance CAT: effects on flight, avoidance WIND SHEAR Definition of wind shear Weather conditions for wind shear Effects on flight, avoidance THUNDERSTORMS Conditions for and process of development, forecast, location, type specification Structure of thunderstorms, life history Electrical discharges Development and effects of downbursts Thunderstorm avoidance GAU Flight Training Organisation 050 09 05 00 050 09 05 01 050 09 06 00 050 09 06 01 050 09 07 00 050 09 07 01 050 09 08 00 050 09 08 01 050 09 08 02 050 09 08 03 050 09 09 00 050 09 09 01 050 09 09 02 050 10 00 00 050 10 01 00 050 10 01 01 050 10 01 02 050 10 01 03 050 10 01 04 050 10 01 05 050 10 02 00 050 10 02 01 050 10 02 02 050 10 02 03 050 10 03 00 050 10 03 01 050 10 03 02 050 10 03 03 050 10 03 04 050 10 04 00 050 10 04 01 050 10 04 02 TORNADOES Properties and occurrence INVERSIONS Influence on aircraft performance STRATOSPHERIC CONDITIONS Tropopause influence on aircraft performance HAZARDS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS Influence of terrain on clouds and precipitation, frontal passage Vertical movements, mountain waves, wind shear, turbulence, ice accretion Development and effect of valley Inversions VISIBILITY REDUCING PHENOMENA Reduction of visibility caused by precipitation and obscurations Reduction of visibility caused by other phenomena METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION OBSERVATION Surface observations Radiosonde observations Satellite observations Weather radar observations Aircraft observations and reporting WEATHER CHARTS Significant weather charts Surface charts Upper air charts INFORMATION FOR FLIGHT PLANNING Aviation weather messages Meteorological broadcasts for aviation Use of meteorological documents Meteorological warnings METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES World area forecast system and meteorological offices International organisations
Related documents