Download key terms

CHAPTER 1
STUDY GUIDE
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
Distinguish between the demographic profiles of developed countries and developing
countries in terms of population, income, and education.
Define the term socioeconomic status (SES) and explain why SES, gender, and ethnicity
are important aspects of human development within countries.
Explain the process of natural selection and trace the evolutionary origins of the human
species.
Apply information about human evolution to how human development takes place today.
Summarize Freud’s psychosexual theory of human development and describe its main
limitations.
Describe the eight stages of Erikson’s psychosocial theory of human development.
Define the five systems of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory and explain how it differs
from stage theories.
Outline the stage model that will be the structure of this book and describe the new life
stage of emerging adulthood.
Recall the five steps of the scientific method and the meanings and functions of
hypotheses, sampling, and procedure in scientific research.
Describe some ethical standards for human development research.
Summarize the main methods used in research on human development.
Describe the major types of research designs used in human development research.
KEY TERMS
total fertility rate (TFR) p. 4
developed countries p. 5
developing countries p. 5
individualistic p. 8
collectivistic p. 8
socioeconomic status (SES) p. 9
ontogenetic p. 10
phylogenetic p. 10
natural selection p. 11
evolutionary psychology p. 15
psychosexual theory p. 20
psychosocial theory p. 21
ecological theory p. 22
emerging adulthood p. 24
scientific method p. 26
hypothesis p. 26
research method p. 27
research design p. 27
sample p. 27
population p. 27
procedure p. 27
peer-review p. 28
theory p. 28
informed consent p. 29
qualitative p. 30
quantitative p. 30
ethnographic research p. 31
experimental research method p. 33
independent variable p. 33
dependent variable p. 33
reliability p. 35
validity p. 35
cross-sectional research p. 35
correlation p. 35
longitudinal research p. 36
cohort effect p. 36