Download eoc - TeacherWeb

Concept
Explanation/Definition/
Importance
4.1-4.6: Westward
Expansion
Treaty of
Allowed American expansion
Greenville – 1795
into the Ohio River Valley
(NW Territory)
Jay’s Treaty –
Secured the U.S. border with
1794
Canada
Pinckney’s Treaty
– 1795
Settled border and trade
disputes with Spain, allowed
the U.S. to trade on the lower
Mississippi River through
New Orleans
Louisiana
Doubled the size of the
Purchase – 1803
United States; bought from
France
Convention of 1818 Set the border between the U.S.
and Canada at the 49th parallel as
far as the Rocky Mountains
Adams-Onis
The U.S. received East
Treaty – 1819
Florida from Spain
Mountain Men
Came west for adventure and
opportunity, opened trails to
settlers
Mormons
Came west to escape
religious persecution due to
polygamy; settled Utah
Santa Fe Trail
Trail from Missouri that was
mainly used for trading; high
profits
Oregon Trail
Led settlers to Oregon
Territory; harsh conditions;
land won from Great Britain
due to many Americans there
Texas
Colony of Mexico begun by
Stephen Austin; friction with
Mexicans: different culture,
attitudes toward slavery
Texas War for
American unrest led to
Independence
attempt to gain
independence from Mexico
The Alamo
Battle that gave rebels time
to gather army; Santa Anna
won
Battle of San
Santa Anna defeated and
Jacinto
forced to give Texas its
Illustrations or ?
Annexation of
Texas
Rio Grande
Debate over War
Treaty of
Guadalupe
Hidalgo
Mexican Cession
Manifest Destiny
4.7 The South
The South:
economy
Cotton
Cotton Gin
Environment
Planters
Yeomen
Poor whites
Free African
Americans in the
South
independence
Caused friction with Mexico
which did not accept that
Texas was no longer Mexican
U.S. claimed the border was
here; Mexico disagreed;
fighting broke out after U.S.
occupied disputed area
Some Americans opposed it;
others said it would fulfill
our Manifest Destiny
Ended the war with Mexico
after Mexican defeat
Land ceded (given) to the
U.S. by Mexico:
CA,NV,UT,AZ,NM, parts of
CO,WY for $15 million
Widely-held belief that it was
the destiny of the U.S. to fill
the North American
continent
Based on agriculture; little
industry or business
Became profitable, widely
grown due to demand created
by the Industrial Revolution
Invention of Eli Whitney,
allowed cotton to be deseeded quickly; demand for
cotton increased, so did
demand for slavery
Cotton belt: southernmost
states, hot summers, humid;
good for growing cotton
Wealthy owners of large
cotton plantations; owned
slaves
Owned small farms; few or
no slaves; proud of work
Owned no land or poor land;
odd jobs; hunting, fishing
250,000; suffered extreme
discrimination; laws passed
limiting their rights: could
not vote, travel, hold certain
jobs
Slavery
Slave culture
Nat Turner
Slave Codes
Underground
Railroad
4.8-4.12: The
North
Industrial
Revolution
Transportation
Revolution
Immigration
Free African
Americans
American Culture
4.13-4.16: Reform
Movements
American
Education
Harsh conditions on
plantations which depended
on slaves’ labor; produced
rebellions
Centered on family,
community, and religion;
music and storytelling
remained from Africa
Most famous and largest
slave rebellion
Harsh laws passed as result
of rebellion, such as not
allowing slaves to learn to
read or write
Secret routes for slaves to
escape to freedom in the
North or Canada
Use of machines for
manufacturing led to rapid
growth of factories, cities,
mining, and caused pollution
and deforestation
Rapid growth in the speed of
travel due to transportation
changes: trains, steam boats
Immigrants came because of
famine (Ireland), religious
persecution, political unrest,
economic problems
Founded churches and
schools to advance their
lives; experienced
discrimination; involved in
the abolitionist movement
Expressed through art,
music and literature; new
use of American themes;
famous authors Washington
Irving and James Fenimore
Cooper
Chapter 13
Horace Mann: campaign for
free public education, longer
school year, trained teachers
Common School
Page 396
Movement: all students in
same school regardless of
social status
Abolition
Movement to end slavery
William Lloyd
Published anti-slavery
Garrison
newspaper, The Liberator;
wanted immediate
emancipation, full rights
Frederick
Escaped slave, published The
Douglass
North Star; famous orator
Harriet Tubman
Escaped slave, famous
conductor on the
Underground Railroad
Women’s Suffrage
Fight to win rights for
Movement
women, especially suffrage
(the right to vote)
Elizabeth Cady
Woman suffrage leader,
Stanton
organizer of Seneca Falls
Convention
Lucretia Mott
Woman suffrage leader,
organizer of Seneca Falls
Convention
Susan B. Anthony Social reformer, active in
women’s suffrage,
temperance, and abolition
Sojourner Truth
Former slave, spoke in favor
of abolition and woman
suffrage
Seneca Falls
1848 – first public meeting
Convention
concerning women’s rights;
Declaration of
Document produced at
Sentiments
Seneca Falls; modeled on
Declaration of Independence,
it detailed the wrongs
committed by men against
women
Transcendentalism Theme in American society;
belief that people could rise
above the material things in
life
Individualism
Belief that individuals
should depend on themselves
and their insights, not on
outside authorities
Ralph Waldo
Popular writer who argued
Emerson
that Americans should
disregard institutions and
follow their own beliefs
Henry David
Thoreau
5.1-5.2 Civil War
Early State
Constitutions
Northwest
Ordinance
States Rights
Doctine
Missouri
Compromise
Wilmot Proviso
Compromise of
1850
Webster/Calhoun
Kansas-Nebraska
Act
Bleeding Kansas
John Brown
Dred Scott
Decision
Lincoln’s House
Divided speech
Lincoln-Douglas
Transcendentalist, wrote
Civil Disobedience
Abolished slavery in the
Northeast
Abolished slavery in the new
states north of the Ohio
River
Said states have the right to
nullify laws they believe to
be unconstitutional, and that
states can secede rather than
be forced to obey such laws
Created a balance between
slave and free states
A proposal to outlaw slavery
in the states created from the
Mexican Cession
1. CA enters as a free
state
2. Popular sovereignty in
the rest of the Mexican
Cession to decide
about slavery
3. Slave trade (but not
slavery) ends in D.C.
4. Harsher fugitive slave
law passed
Debated in Congress
Webster (North): preserve
the Union at all costs
Calhoun (South): South must
be allowed to secede
These territories would be
allowed to decide about
slavery through popular
sovereignty
Pro- and anti-slavery
supporters use violence
Kills pro-slavery supporters
in Pottawatomie, Kansas
Supreme Court rules that
Blacks cannot be citizens and
Congress cannot outlaw
slavery anywhere
Highlights the fact that
slavery is a critical issue
Series of debates that gained
Debates
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Northern (Free)
States
Southern (Slave)
States
Border States
Election of 1860
Secession
Important Battles
Lives of Soldiers
Technology
5.3 Leaders of
the Civil War
Jefferson Davis
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
Stonewall Jackson
fame for Lincoln and showed
his views on slavery
Anti-slavery novel, increased
anger against slavery in the
North
Maine, New Hampshire,
Vermont, New York,
Massachusetts, Connecticut,
Rhode Island, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin,
Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas,
Oregon, California
Virginia, North & South
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama,
Tennessee, Mississippi,
Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas
Missouri, Kentucky,
Maryland, Delaware (Slave,
but remained in the Union)
Won by Lincoln, causing
some Southern states to
secede (leave the U.S.)
7 states secede and form the
Confederate States of
America
Fort Sumter, First Battle of
Bull Run, Second Battle of
Bull Run, Antietam, Shiloh,
Vicksburg, Gettysburg,
Appomattox
African Americans became
soldiers; Lincoln faced
opposition to the war;
soldiers and civilians faced
great difficulties
Changed warfare; rifled
muskets, Napoleon cannon;
severe injuries and many
deaths
President of the Confederacy
Union general, leader of the
North’s Union army
Confederate general, leader
of the South’s army
Confederate general
5.4 Lincoln
Inaugural Address
Emancipation
Proclamation
Gettysburg
Address
Inaugural Address
(Second)
5.5
Reconstruction
Ten Percent Plan
Wade-Davis Bill
Lincoln’s
Assassination
Andrew Johnson
Radical
Republicans
Black Codes
Freedman’s
Bureau
Ku Klux Klan
Reconstruction
Acts
13th Amendment
Told the nation he would try
to bring the South back
peacefully; would not start a
war; would not allow slavery
to spread
Declared slaves in the
Confederacy free; turned
Europe against the South;
African Americans now could
fight in the Union army
Dedicated a cemetery; told
the nation that the purpose
of the war was to save our
democratic government
Told the nation it was time
to heal our wounds and treat
the South with charity
Lincoln’s plan to readmit
states into the Union
Plan created by Republican
Congressmen; it was stricter
than Lincoln’s plan
Ended possibility of his plan
being carried out
New president, he disagreed
with Radical Republicans
and was impeached
Believed the federal
government would need to
force the South to change
Laws passed in southern
states that limited the
freedom and rights of African
Americans
1865, established by
Congress to help individuals
by providing medical services
and establishing schools
hate group that used terror
and violence to deny rights
1867-68, put southern states
under U.S. military control;
required new state
constitutions
Abolished slavery
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Jim Crow Laws
6.1 Expansion
West
Transcontinental
Railroad
Homestead Act
Mechanical Reaper
Cattle Industry
Effect on Native
Americans
6.2 Native
Americans
Treaties
Buffalo Soldiers
Battle of Little
Bighorn
Chief Joseph and
the Nez Perce
Wounded Knee
6.3 Urbanization
and Immigration
New Immigrants
Defined citizenship, equal
protection under the law
Protected voting rights
Enforced segregation,
creating near-slavery
conditions
Allowed increased
development and trade in the
West; Leland Stanford was a
main financier; Chinese,
Irish, and army veteran
laborers
Government sold western
land cheaply to settlers
Cyrus McCormick’s
invention allowed for the
production of large crops in
the Midwest
Also caused western growth
Loss of hunting grounds,
buffalo; loss of land
Used to take Indian land and
force them onto reservations
African American veterans
who were used to fight
Indians who resisted removal
Sioux forces led by Crazy
Horse and Sitting Bull
defeated Custer and U.S.
Army troops
Led his people to Canada but
were caught and sent to
Oklahoma
Massacre of Sioux in South
Dakota near Wounded Knee
Creek; last major battle
Mostly from southern and
eastern Europe; arriving
after the 1880’s
Contributions to
Immigrants were laborers,
Cities and Economy allowing cities and the
economy to grow
Assimilation
Industrialization
Wealth, Economic
Opportunity
Nativism
6.4 Leading
Industrialists
Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller
Trusts and
Monopolies
Gilded Age
Sherman AntiTrust Act
Philanthropists
Benevolent societies and
settlement houses helped
the newcomers learn
English, find jobs, etc.
Caused rapid growth of
cities, many problems; some
were solved with new
technology like mass transit
Corporations generated
wealth for a few; many jobs
were created but paid poorly
Chinese Exclusion Act:
Banned Chinese
immigration
Huge steel mills
Controlled most oil
production; Standard Oil
Used by large businesses to
gain complete control and
eliminate competition
Last 25 years of the 1800’s,
refers to the huge gap
between the rich and poor
Law that made it illegal to
create monopolies or trusts
that restrained competition
Wealthy people who gave
money to the poor
6.5 Labor
Movement
Working Conditions Deteriorated as industry
grew; dangerous, difficult;
low wages
Child Labor
Legal until reformers passed
laws against it in the early
1900’s
Laissez-Faire
Government let big business
alone and did not require
protection of workers
Collective
All workers act together to
Bargaining
get management to improve
wages and conditions
Strikes, Protests
1. Haymarket Riot:
protest against killing
of two strikers in a
fight with police
Samuel Gompers
6.6 Grangerism
and Populism
6.7 Inventions
Thomas Edison
Alexander Graham
Bell
Orville and Wilbur
Wright
2. Homestead Strike:
protest against a plan
at Carnegie’s steel
mill to cut jobs
3. Pullman Strike:
stopped traffic on
railroads; workers
ordered back to work
by federal courts
Led the American
Federation of Labor, an
early group of labor unions
no questions
Many inventions that
improved life; perfected the
light bulb and built a power
plant for New York City
Invented the telephone,
better communication
Air flight pioneers; changed
transportation