Download Carbon Monomers

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
1. Carbon atoms form the building blocks of all other organic molecules
2. Carbon atoms are usually put together into small molecules to build
larger macromolecules
Carbon Monomers – The smaller groups of carbon atoms that are built into larger units
Carbon Polymers – The large macromolecules made up of monomers
Organic Monomers
a. Simple sugars
Organic Polymers
(Monosaccharides)
a. Starches
(Polysaccharides)
b. Lipids
b. Fatty acids and glycerol
c. Amino Acids
c. Proteins
d. Nucleotides
d. Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
Monomers
(Polypeptides)
Polymer
+
+
H2O
H2O
Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Reaction)
H2O
H2O
Hydrolysis
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
Organic Nutrient Atoms
Carbohydrates
Carbon + water
Names
Carbon
“Carbs”
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Most
end in
“ose”
Monosaccharides Carbon
“building blocks” Hydrogen
Simple
Sugars
Structure
C(H2O) n
H:O = 2:1
C6H12O6
Oxygen
Disaccharides
“2 building blocks”
Polysaccharides
“Many building blocks”
Carbon
Double
Hydrogen Sugars
Oxygen
C12H22O11
Examples
Sugars
Starches
Wood
Function
Quick Energy
Stored Energy
Structure
Support
Glucose
Quick Energy
Fructose
Galactose
(isomers)
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
Amylose
Carbon
Starches X 5000 =
X 30
= Glycogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen
X 10,000 = Cellulose
Chitin
Quick Energy
Energy
Storage
Structure &
support
Slide 23
Slide 23
Chitin: A Modified Polysaccharide
Slide 3
Forms of a Monosaccharide
Linear Form
Ring Form
(Physiological Conditions)
Abbreviated Ring Structure
Slide 3
A Disaccharide From 2 Monosaccharides
Maltose from Glucose + Glucose
Sucrose from Glucose + Fructose
Slide 3
Slide 12
HO
Short polymer
Slide 1
CARBOHYDRATES
Slide 3