Download Midterm Review

Earth Science
Mid-Term Review
The information below is a brief summary of the material covered by mid-term examination. Use this in
combination with your notes, assignments and labs to ensure the best possible grade. For each chapter
listed below, don’t forget to read the “Concept Summaries.”
Chapter 1 – Studying the Earth - Introduction to Earth Science
Independent variable
Volume
Dependant variable
Mass
Control
Density
Hypothesis
Scientific method
Distance
 Know the steps to using the Scientific Method
 Know the 4 branches of Earth Science
 Be able to tell the SI (International Standard Unit) for mass, volume, and length
 Know how to identify and use laboratory equipment to find mass, volume, distance, & time
 Identify and use science skills
 Density Formula – understand how changing the mass or the volume would affect density
 Review labs and activities from this unit
Chapter 4 – Composition of the Earth - Earth Chemistry
Matter
Element
Atom
Isotope
Ion
Molecule
Compound
Mixture
 Understand the make-up of an atom (protons, electrons, & neutrons)
 Know how to determine an atom’s: mass number, atomic number, neutron number
 Understand the relationship in isotopes and ions, and elements
 Review activities from this unit
Chapter 5 – Composition of the Earth - Minerals of the Earth’s Crust
Mineral
Cleavage
Color
Streak
Fracture
Ore
Luster
Hardness
Gem
Crystal
Native
mineral
 Know how to determine each of the mineral properties in a laboratory environment
 Know the different observable properties of minerals; review physical properties of minerals
 Know the special properties of minerals: magnetism, fluorescence, phosphorescence, etc.
 Be able to list the seven mineral groups, and identify which is the largest and smallest
 Recall Moh’s Hardness Scale -- the hardness of everyday items - like ones used in the mineral project
and the hardnesses of particular minerals we became familiar with
 Be familiar with the minerals we saw often in class, ie: quartz, calcite, graphite, mica, pyrite
 Review labs and activities from this unit
Chapter 6 – Composition of the Earth - Rocks
Intrusive (plutonic) Igneous rocks
Extrusive (volcanic) Igneous rocks
Chemical/Clastic/Organic Sedimentary rocks
Contact Metamorphism
Regional Metamorphism
Felsic / granitic
Mafic / basaltic
Magma
Lava
 Know what properties are visible in and distinguish between intrusive vs. extrusive igneous rocks
 Be familiar with the igneous rocks we often worked with, i.e.: granite, pumice, obsidian, gabbro, scoria
 Be able to explain how chemical, organic, and clastic sedimentary rocks are made
 Be familiar with the sedimentary rocks we often worked with, i.e.: conglomerate, breccia, sandstone,
limestone and shale
 Recall that metamorphic rocks have gone through a process to become a different rock
 Review resultant metamorphism of different ‘parent rocks’
 Understand the difference between foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rocks
 Be familiar with the metamorphic rocks we often worked with, i.e.: gneiss, slate, marble, quartzite, schist
 Know the processes involved in the Rock Cycle and the different ‘path’ a particle can take
 Review labs and activities from this unit
Chapter 3 – Studying the Earth - Models of the Earth
Landforms
Prime Meridian
Hemisphere
International Date Line
Latitude (parallels)
Equator
Longitude (meridians)
Map Projections
Topography
Contour line
Contour interval
 Know the 5 landforms and 6 coastal features
 Explain how latitude and longitude are used on maps
 Understand Mercator, Robinson and conic map projections and what each is used for
 Know how to determine the contour interval, elevation, distance (using a scale), etc. on a map
 Review the rules of topographic maps
 Review labs and activities from this unit
Chapter 16 – Reshaping the Crust - Ground Water
Universal Solvent
Runoff
Evaporation
Tributary
Condensation
Porosity
Precipitation
Water table
Groundwater
Aquifer
Zone of Saturation
Hot Spring
Cave
 Know the processes involved in the Water Cycle (page 149 - 150)
 Understand the differences between: permeable & impermeable; artesian wells & natural wells;
springs & geysers
 Review features of Karst topography
 Recall the zones of ground water and the effects of pumping
 Review labs and activities from this unit
Chapter 15 – Reshaping the Crust - Running Water
Abrasion
Stream piracy
Discharge
Hydrosphere
Flash flood
Water Cycle
Flood plain
Erosion
Oxbow lake
Levee
Meander
Divide
Pot holes
Mechanical Weathering
Drainage Basin
Watershed
 Understand how carrying power affects sediments being in solution, or suspension, or bed load (and
percentages)
 Be able to identify and explain the features found in a young, mature, or old stream
 Know the differences between deltas and alluvial fans
 Recall the causes, effects and possible controls of flooding
 Explain how the gradient and discharge affect the erosion/deposition of a stream environment
 Identify what causes a waterfall to recede
 Know the major drainage basins (watersheds) and divides of the United States
 Know how to conserve water
 Review labs and activities from this unit