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Key Area 1.3 - MAKING NEW CELLS
Exercise 16
1. What name is given to the type of cell division that produces two
cells that are identical to the parent cell?
(1)
2. State the main events that occur during this cell division in an
animal cell.
(2)
3. Which cell structure controls cell activities including cell division?
(1)
4. Arrange the stages of mitosis (shown below) in the correct
sequence beginning with (b.)
(5)
5. Describe the process of mitosis (nuclear division) in a cell including
the terms equator and spindle fibres in your answer.
(4)
6. Why is it important that the chromosome number of new daughter
cells in a multicellular organism is maintained?
(1)
7. What process maintains this continuity?
(1)
Total (15)
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Exercise 17
Part 1:
Using 1 piece of A4 paper produce a cartoon strip/storyboard to explain
the stages involved in the process of mitosis.
Use the following steps to help you:
 The original cell contains single-stranded chromosomes.
 When the cell is preparing to divide, each of the chromosomes is
copied to form a double-stranded X-shaped chromosome.
 A spindle forms in the cell. The chromosomes line up along the
centre (equator) of the cell.
 The spindles pull the chromosomes apart.
 The single-stranded chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell.
 The cell splits into two, producing two genetically identical
daughter cells.
Extension
Try to include the word diploid in your explanation.
Total (7)
Part 2:
Answer the following questions in full sentences:
1. What is mitosis?
2. Why is mitosis important?
3. What would happen if mitosis didn’t take place?
4. What is meant by a diploid cell?
5. What cells in the body do you think are not diploid?
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Total (6)
Exercise 2 total (13)
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Exercise 18:
Culturing Bacterial Cells Instruction Manual
Your task is to create an instruction leaflet on how to safely culture
bacterial cells.
You must include:
 What cell culturing is and why bacteria can be used.
You should include:
 A step by step guide to explain how to safely culture (grow)
bacterial cells, you may include diagrams.
You could include:
 A detailed description about the health and safety involved in
culturing bacterial cells (aseptic technique)
This work will be graded A, B or C.
Exercise 19:
Answer each of the Learning Outcomes for Unit 1 Topic 3: ‘Making New
Cells’ as full sentences.
You may present this information in any way you wish; you may produce a
mind-map, a poster, a pamphlet, use diagrams or pictures etc…
Total: 14 Marks
Exercise 20
Make a poster on ‘Aseptic Techniques’
You must include;
 At least five different techniques – with diagrams - used to ensure
conditions are sterile in a lab.
Total (10)
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Exercise 21
Answer the following questions in full sentences:
1. What does the word optimum mean?
(1)
2. Name the two types of medium that are used to grow cells in
Biology?
(1)
3. Name three conditions that are required for cells to grow
(3)
4. Give the name of the large vessels in which bacteria or fungi are
grown.
(1)
5. Give three conditions that are required for growth in these
vessels.
(3)
Total (9)
Exercise 22
Exam Style questions
1. The diagrams below show six stages of a cell process.
The stages are shown in pairs. The diagrams in each pair are in the
correct order. The three pairs of diagrams are NOT in the correct
order.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a) Name the process shown in the diagrams.
__________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Write the letters of each pair in the order in which they occur in this
process.
1. _____________
2. ______________
3. _____________
(1)
(c) Name the cell structure which controls this process
___________________________________
(1)
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2. A cell can divide to produce two daughter cells. Each daughter cell
grows and then divides.
The beginning of these divisions is shown in the diagram below.
1st division
1st
2nd division
generation
Calculate the number of cells in the 4th generation.
Space for calculation
2nd
generation
Answer: __________ cells
3. The diagram below shows some of the stages in cell division occurring
in the cells of a plant root. Describe the stages of cells division
(mitosis) shown in the cells labelled X, Y, and Z.
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(1)
X:
_______________________________________
(1)
Y:
_______________________________________
(1)
Z:
_______________________________________
(1)
4. Describe the meaning of the term ‘diploid cell’
__________
(1)
5. Typical timings of the stages of mitosis are shown in the table below.
Stage
A
B
C
D
Time (minutes)
88
33
25
54
What percentage of the total time for mitosis is taken by stage C?
Space for calculation
Answer: _____________%
(1)
6. Name the structure within a cell which controls cell division.
(1)
7. Below is a diagram of a human cell. Name the structure labelled X.
(1)
X
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8. Complete the following sentences by deleting the incorrect word from
each pair to create a correct sentence. Write out in full.
The number of chromosomes in the new cells produced by cell
division will be the same as/half
that of the parent cell.
During cell division each parent cell produces two/four new cells.
The cells produced by cell division will be different/identical to
each other.
(3)
9. Cell division can be described as a controlled cycle. What might occur
if cell division is uncontrolled?
(1)
10. An onion cell contains 16 chromosomes. It divides to form two new
cells, which then divide again. How many chromosomes will these new cells
have?
(1)
Total (16)
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Key Area 1.5 – DNA AND THE PRODUCTION OF
PROTEINS
STRUCTURE OF DNA
Exercise 23
Research Task on DNA Structure
Research one of the following scientists and write a short report on how
their work has helped us to understand the structure of DNA. Provide a
list of references at the end.





Francis Crick
James Watson
Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins
Erwin Chargaff
Exercise 24
1. What are chromosomes and where are they located in a cell?
(1)
2. a) What do the letters DNA stand for?
(1)
b) The DNA molecule is described as a ‘double helix’. What does
this mean?
(1)
c) i) How may different types of base molecule are found in DNA? (1)
ii) Name the four base molecules.
iii) Describe the base pair rule.
(4)
(1)
Total (9)
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Exercise 25
The diagram below shows a yeast cell.
(i)
Name the structure shown in the yeast cell which contains the
genetic information.
(1)
(ii)
A molecule consisting of chains of bases is contained in
chromosomes.
(a)
Name this molecule.
(1)
(b)
Explain how this molecule controls cell activities.
(1)
Total (3)
Exercise 26
Complete the following in full sentences in your homework jotter.
___________ are units of inheritance which make up chromosomes.
Chromosomes are made up of longs strands of __________ which
consists of two backbones each containing a chain of ___________
molecules. There are four types of base molecule, adenine, __________,
thymine and ______________. The ______________of the bases
determines the sequence of __________ ____________ in a protein.
Three ______ molecules form the code for one amino acid. The protein
produced controls the characteristics of the organism.
Chromosomes exist in pairs, and each normal body cell of an organism has
_______ matching sets of these. (In humans, 2 sets of ___ making ___
in total).
Total (11)
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Exercise 27
Research report on genetic disorders
Cystic fibrosis is a medical condition that is passed from parents to their
children. This condition is caused by an error in one of the genes found in
the nucleus of the parent’s cells.
a) What are genes made of?
b) What effect might inheriting a damaged gene have on the
production of a protein?
c) Research one of the following genetic disorders. Describe how the
disorder is inherited, the symptoms and treatments. Provide a list
of references at the end.





Cystic Fibrosis
Tay-Sachs
Down’s Syndrome
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
Huntington’s Disease
Exercise 28
Exam Style Questions
1.
Which part of a cell controls cell division?
A
B
C
D
2.
Membrane
Nucleus
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
DNA is found in which part of the cell?
A
B
C
D
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell membrane
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3.
The DNA of a chromosome carries information which determines the
structure and function of
A
B
C
D
4.
fats
bases
carbohydrates
proteins
Which of the following is a correct description of a chromosome?
A
B
C
D
5.
a chain of DNA bases
a chain of RNA bases
a chain of amino acids
a chain of sugar molecules
The DNA base, (A) adenine, pairs with what other base?
A
B
C
D
(A) Adenine
(T) Thymine
(C) Cytosine
(G) Guanine
6. The diagram shows DNA during replication. Base H represents
thymine (T) and base M represents guanine (G). Which letters
represent the base cytosine (C)?
A
B
C
J and K
J and L
N and P
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D
N and R
7. A DNA molecule consists of 4000 bases of which 20% are adenine (A).
How many guanine (G) bases will be present in the DNA molecule?
A
B
C
D
8.
800
1000
1200
1600
Decide if each of the following statements about DNA and the
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