Download DNA PROCESSES CONTENT GUIDE

Unit 4 Study Guide
DNA Processes
ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS:
Cellular processes maintain homeostasis.
Proteins determine the structure and function of living
things.
Nucleic acids transfer genetic information from
generation to generation.
Objective 5: DNA PROCESSES
Identify the structure & function of nucleic acids
including their role in biodiversity.
Essential Questions:
3) If there are only 4 nucleotide types in DNA, why
are all living things so different? (DNA)
SELF-ASSESSMENT CHART
U = Unfamiliar (I can apply this target to a new situation.)
F = Familiar (I can apply this target to a present or prior situation.)
O = Objective Target (I can identify the target in a situation.)
TARGET
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Relate (Apply) the work of scientists to the discovery of
DNA’s structure and function including
 Frederick Griffith
 Erwin Chargaff
 Rosalind Franklin
 James Watson & Francis Crick
Show (Illustrate) how information for detailing
(specifying) the characteristics (traits) of an organism is
carried in DNA.
Construct a model of a DNA molecule and analyze its
structure in terms of its function including
 what makes up a nucleotide
 nitrogen base and matching (complementary)
base pairing rule
 double helix shape (with two complementary
strands)
Using descriptions or diagrams of protein synthesis
 determine how the procedure (process) of
transcription takes place, including the role of
mRNA, and what is produced.
 determine how the process of translation takes
place, including the role of tRNA, and what is
produced.
 be able to use the Codon Chart to determine the
matching (corresponding) amino acid
Recognize the biomolecules
 nucleic acid as made of nucleotides
 proteins as structural molecules made up of amino
acids
 enzymes as controllers (regulators) of activities.
Investigate the significance of
 the nucleus to protein synthesis.
 ribosomes to protein synthesis.
Identify and evaluate the significance of changes in
DNA caused by
 frame-shift mutations.
DNA Processes Study Guide – Student- (Revised June 25, 2008)
U
F
O
LESSONS
DNA Structure PPT Notes
DNA Structure PPT Notes
The DNA Molecule ws
The DNA Molecule ws
DNA Model Lab
DNA & Protein Synthesis
PPT Notes
Protein Synthesis Practice 1
&2
Protein Synthesis Person
Lab
Computer Simulated Protein
Synthesis Practice
The DNA Game
DNA & Protein Synthesis
PPT Notes
DNA & Protein Synthesis
PPT Notes
Gene Mutation PPT Notes
(printed 6/24/2017) p. 1
TARGET
U
F
O
LESSONS
 point mutations.
8) Recognize and apply biotechnology to the study of
DNA Fingerprinting
genetic variation in organisms including
Paper Gene Splicing
Cloning Discussion
 careers
 genetic engineering, including cloning
 electrophoresis (genetic fingerprinting)
 human genome project
Underlined words in parentheses are terms normally used for the word or phrase before it. These are
common formal language words you will see on activities and tests.
Bolded words are vocabulary words found in the targets. Other important vocabulary will be studied in the
unit lessons.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
(These are samples of the type of questions which might be on the test. Questions may require students to
use the basic content to make applications, analyze, synthesize and evaluate information. Tests contain
unit content questions as well as general scientific processing questions.)
DNA MUTATION REPAIR
Figure 3
5' G T A _ _ _ A A 3'
3' C A T G C A T T 5'
1. This segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have been deleted. A repair enzyme
would replace them with
A. CGT.
B. GCA.
C. CTG.
D. GTA.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mutations within a DNA sequence are
natural processes that produce genetic diversity.
natural processes that always affect the phenotype.
unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype.
unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
An inheritable mutation may occur if an organism has a change in its
appendages.
internal organs.
DNA structure.
ATP production rates.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chromosomal mutations occurring in gametes of humans can affect the appearance of offspring because
many traits are usually affected.
only one trait is usually affected.
these mutations usually speed up embryonic development.
these mutations usually result in sex-linked traits.
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The weakest bonds in a double-stranded molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid exist between the
deoxyribose sugars.
phosphate groups.
nitrogenous bases.
5-carbon sugars.
DNA Processes Study Guide – Student- (Revised June 25, 2008)
(printed 6/24/2017) p. 2
GENETIC CODE CHART
Figure 2
6. Look at figure 2. A strand of mRNA containing the repeating sequence AAGAAGAAGAAG could code for which of
the following amino acid sequences?
A. lys–arg–glu–lys
B. ser–ser–glu–glu
C. lys–arg–lys–arg
D. lys–lys–lys–lys
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following codons would signal a stop for the assembly of a protein?
CUA
ACG
GAC
UAG
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
One similarity between DNA and messenger RNA molecules is that they both contain
the same sugar.
genetic codes based on sequences of bases.
a nitrogenous base known as uracil.
double-stranded polymers.
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The process of cloning involves making an identical copy of a cell’s
cytoplasm.
DNA.
ribosomes.
ATP.
DNA Processes Study Guide – Student- (Revised June 25, 2008)
(printed 6/24/2017) p. 3
DNA and RNA
Figure 10
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Look at Figure 10. Which mRNA sequence complements the above section of DNA?
CUAGGA
TCGAAG
CTAGGC
AGCUUC
11.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following shows the three parts of an RNA nucleotide?
ribose, phosphate group, thymine
ribose, phosphate group, uracil
deoxyribose, phosphate group, uracil
deoxyribose, phosphate group, cytosine
Comparing Fragments of DNA
Table B
12. The shaded areas of Table B show the nucleotides that four fragments of DNA have in common. Which fragment
is most different from the other three?
A. Q
B. R
C. S
D. T
DNA Processes Study Guide – Student- (Revised June 25, 2008)
(printed 6/24/2017) p. 4
NUCLEIC ACID MOLECULE
13.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The boxed structure is a/an:
DNA nucleotide
RNA monomer
amino acid
codon
14.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of these nucleic acids functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
DNA
15.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which molecule carries attached amino acids?
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA
DNA
16.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the statements best describes what happens during translation?
mRNA is made by copying the DNA code.
Proteins are produced at the ribosome.
tRNA is made from mRNA’s code.
DNA copies are produced.
DNA Processes Study Guide – Student- (Revised June 25, 2008)
(printed 6/24/2017) p. 5
Nucleotide Numbers in Plant Groups
Figure 3
17. The chart in Figure 3 shows the range of numbers of nucleotides among species of different groups of plants.
Which of these groups has the largest range of nucleotide numbers among its species?
A. Bryophyta (mosses and liverworts)
B. Lycopsida (club mosses)
C. Gymnosperms (cedars and pines)
D. Pteropsida (ferns)
18.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following RNA types is/are involved in transcription?
transfer RNA only
messenger RNA only
ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
19.
A.
B.
C.
D.
How many nucleotides would it take to carry the code for a protein with 4 amino acids?
4
8
12
16
20.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Genes contain instructions for assembling
DNA nucleotides.
carbohydrates.
nitrogen bases.
proteins.
DNA Processes Study Guide – Student- (Revised June 25, 2008)
(printed 6/24/2017) p. 6