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STUDY GUIDE
 photosynthesis – a plant process that transforms sunlight’s energy
into chemical energy in food
 chloroplast – the organelle where photosynthesis takes place
 chlorophyll – the pigment in a choloroplast
 stomata – small openings on the underside of a leaf that allow
gases to pass through
 grana – the membranes in chloroplasts that look like flat stacks
 nonvascular plant – plants without vascular tissues
 vascular plant – a plant with specialized tissues that transport
materials throughout the plant
 phloem – a vascular tissue that conducts sugar in plants
 xylem – a vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals in
plants
 transpiration – a process in which liquid water evaporates through
plant leaves
What do stomata do for plants?
 Stomata allow carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor to
pass into and out of the leaves of a plant
How are vascular and nonvascular plants similar and different?
 Both are green in color and use photosynthesis. Vascular
plants are larger and have vascular tissue for transporting
materials. Nonvascular plants move materials by diffusion
because they don’t have vascular tissue.
What does a plant use energy from the sun for?
 Photosynthesis (to make food!)
What do plants need from the soil?
 Water and minerals
Which plant part moves water and minerals to the leaves?
 Stems (where the xylem & phloem are located)
What materials do plants needs for photosynthesis and what
materials are produced during photosynthesis?
 They need carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight for
photosynthesis.
 Sugars and oxygen are produced.
Where does photosynthesis takes place within a plant?
 Leaves
How do animals get energy originally stored in plants?
 By eating the plants or eating a plant-eating animal
How is phloem different from xylem?
 Xylem conducts water and minerals from the roots, through
the stem, to the leaves. Phloem conducts food to where it is
needed in the plant.
How does carbon dioxide and oxygen cycle on earth?
 Plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis. Animals then
breathe oxygen in for cellular respiration. Then, animals
release carbon dioxide into the air. The plants take in
carbon dioxide to use for photosynthesis and the cycle
continues…
Carbon dioxide and oxygen are gases.
Know that plants give off oxygen and people breathe out carbon
dioxide.