Download DNA Study Guide

DNA Study Guide
ACT Course Standards:
C-1.a: Describe the basic structure and function of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, replication, transcription, and translation
C-1.c: use mRNA codon charts to determine amino acid sequences of example polypeptides
C-1.d: use mRNA codon charts to determine the effects of different types of mutations on amino acid sequence and
protein structure.
1. What does DNA stand for?
2. Where it is located?
3. What is DNA?
4. What are the subunits of DNA?
5. What are the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide?
6. What are the 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA?
7. Illustrate and label a DNA nucleotide. (on back of this paper)
8. Which nitrogen bases pair together in DNA?
9. What is the shape of DNA?
10. How many strands of nucleotides are in DNA?
11. Why is DNA replication necessary and important?
12. Define the following:
a. Helicase:
b. DNA polymerase
13. What are the possible implications of mutations during replication?
14. Other than mistakes in replications, list 2 examples of what else may cause mutations in DNA.
15. What does RNA stand for?
16. What are the 4 bases found in RNA?
17. Illustrate and label a nucleotide found in RNA. (on back of page)
18. Where does transcription (copying RNA from a strand of DNA) occur?
19. What is a codon?
20. RNA codes for _______________which are the building blocks of ____________________
21. What are the subunits of RNA?
22. Define the following:
a. RNA polymerase
b. Transcription
c. Translation
d. mRNA; messenger RNAe. tRNA; transport RNA23. Compare DNA and RNA in the following chart:
DNA
RNA
24. Complete the complimentary DNA strand for the following base pairs.
A-T-T-G-C-A-C-C-G-A-T-A
26. Transcribe the following DNA strand.
A-C-G-G-A-A-T-C-G-T-T-C
27. Using the RNA strand from #26 and the chart in your book, list the amino acids that the RNA codes for.
28. Describe the following types of mutations.
A. substitutionB. deletion-
C. insertion-
D. frameshift-