Download Ch 22 Review

Ch 22 Review
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Atmospheric pressure is measured with a(n)
a. altimeter.
b. barometer.
c. scale.
d. thermometer.
____
2. Which of the following is an effect of air pollution?
a. chlorofluorocarbons
c. pollen distribution
b. volcanic ash dispersal
d. destruction of the ozone layer
____
3. Which of the following uses the bending sides of a sealed metal container to measure atmospheric pressure?
a. ionosphere
c. thermometer
b. mercurial barometer
d. aneroid barometer
____
4. One harmful effect of temperature inversions is
a. hydrocarbons.
c. smog.
b. global warming.
d. the greenhouse effect.
____
5. The two most abundant compounds in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and
a. particulates.
c. water vapor.
b. ozone.
d. nitrogen oxide.
____
6. Energy from the sun travels to Earth as
a. visible light.
b. infrared rays.
c. ultraviolet rays.
d. radiation.
____
7. The solar radiation least absorbed by the layers of the atmosphere before reaching Earth is
a. visible light.
c. X rays.
b. radio waves.
d. ultraviolet rays.
____
8. After Earth absorbs infrared rays that heat the ground, what kind of energy does the atmosphere absorb from
the ground?
a. albedo
c. solar
b. thermal
d. mirage
____
9. A delay between Earth’s absorption of solar energy and an increase in temperature makes the warmest part of
a day
a. morning.
c. afternoon.
b. noon.
d. evening.
____ 10. Average temperatures are lower near the poles because sunlight strikes the ground at an angle
a. greater than 90º.
c. of 90º.
b. smaller than 90º.
d. of 180º.
____ 11. The narrow bands of high-speed winds that blow in the upper atmosphere are called
a. trade winds.
c. horse latitudes.
b. convection cells.
d. jet streams.
____ 12. What is the name for the effect that is produced when war air near earth’s surface bends light rays?
a. albedo
c. mirage
b. greenhouse effect
d. Coriolis effect
____ 13. Winds that extend over distances of less than 100 km are
a. gales.
c. light air.
b. storms.
d. breezes.
____ 14. The trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres meet at the equator in a narrow zone of weak
variable winds called
a. the doldrums.
c. subtropical jet streams.
b. the wind belt.
d. prevailing winds.
____ 15. What kind of wind blows cool air from land to water?
a. sea breeze
c. land breeze
b. mountain breeze
d. valley breeze
____ 16. Which of the following pairs are NOT components of the atmosphere?
a. nitrogen/oxygen
c. water vapor/particulates
b. ozone/argon
d. atmospheric pressure/gravity
____ 17. Narrow bands of high-speed winds that blow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere are called
a. trade winds.
c. jet streams.
b. doldrums.
d. convection cells.
____ 18. Solar radiation that is not reflected back into the atmosphere
a. is destroyed by ozone.
c. is changed to radio waves.
b. is absorbed by surface materials.
d. becomes visible.
____ 19. Albedo is the fraction of solar radiation reaching Earth that is
a. refracted.
c. reflected.
b. destroyed.
d. absorbed.
____ 20. Which of the following do NOT make up a global wind belt?
a. trade winds
c. polar easterlies
b. westerlies
d. fronts
____ 21. Local wind patterns are affected by local conditions and
a. temperatures.
c. westerlies.
b. jet streams.
d. rainfall.
____ 22. Prevailing winds that blow throughout the contiguous United States are called
a. doldrums.
c. polar easterlies.
b. westerlies.
d. trade winds.
____ 23. Because of the Coriolis effect, an object that travels north from the equator will curve to the
a. north.
c. east.
b. south.
d. west.
____ 24. All of the following are particulates in the atmosphere EXCEPT
a. dust.
c. pollen.
b. salt.
d. gases.
____ 25. Interactions between solar radiation and the ionosphere cause
a. auroras.
c. temperature inversions.
b. smog.
d. scattering.
____ 26. Temperature inversions can intensify the effect of smog when cool, polluted ground air is trapped by
a. a front.
c. the ocean.
b. mountains.
d. warm air.
____ 27. Which processes remove water vapor from the air?
a. evaporation and transpiration
c. condensation and precipitation
b. transpiration and condensation
d. precipitation and evaporation
____ 28. Which of the following is NOT a common source of particulates?
a. volcanic dust
c. chlorofluorocarbons
b. salt particles
d. pollen
____ 29. Radiation whose wavelengths are among the shortest are
a. X rays.
c. infrared waves.
b. visible light.
d. radio waves.
____ 30. About how much of the solar energy that reaches Earth is absorbed by the land, oceans, and atmosphere?
a. 20%
c. 50%
b. 30%
d. 70%
____ 31. The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water vapor, and
other gases in the air absorb and reradiate infrared radiation is known as
a. thermal heat.
c. greenhouse effect.
b. electromagnetic energy.
d. radiation.
____ 32. In general, the Coriolis effect is noticeable only on objects that move very fast or travel
a. long distances.
c. from north to south.
b. during daylight hours.
d. along a wind belt.
Short Answer
33. What keeps 99% of the total mass of the atmosphere within 32 km of Earth’s surface?
34. If solar radiation is most intense at noon, why is the warmest part of the day usually mid-to late afternoon?
35. Describe the composition of the atmosphere. Remember to name the most abundant elements, the two most
abundant compounds, and significant solids found in the atmosphere.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. the layer of the atmosphere in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains
the ozone layer
b. the coldest layer of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases as altitude increases
c. the lowest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature drops at a constant rate as
altitude increases; the level where all weather conditions exist
d. the uppermost layer of the atmosphere; includes the ionosphere
e. a mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, that surrounds Earth
____ 36. atmosphere
____ 37. troposphere
____ 38. stratosphere
____ 39. mesosphere
____ 40. thermosphere
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when carbon
dioxide and water vapor in the air absorb and reradiate infrared radiation
b. all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
c. movement of matter due to differences in density caused by temperature variations
d. the transfer of energy as heat through a material
e. the fraction of solar radiation that is reflected off the surface of an object
____ 41. electromagnetic spectrum
____ 42. albedo
____ 43. greenhouse effect
____ 44. conduction
____ 45. convection
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. prevailing winds that blow from east to west from 30° latitude to the equator in both
hemispheres
b. the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth’s
rotation
c. the three looping patterns of air flow that exist in each hemisphere
d. prevailing winds that blow from west to east between 30° and 60° latitude in both
hemispheres
e. prevailing winds that blow from east to west between 60° and 90° latitude in both
hemispheres
____ 46. Coriolis effect
____ 47. trade winds
____ 48. westerlies
____ 49. polar easterlies
____ 50. convection cells
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. the coldest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature decreases as altitude increases
b. all forms of energy that travel through space as waves
c. an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure by registering the changes in the
bending in or bulging out of the sides of a sealed metal container
d. the uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude
increases and which includes the ionosphere
e. an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure by registering changes in the level of
mercury inside a tube
f. a layer of the atmosphere in which temperature increases as altitude increases and which
contains the ozone layer
g. the transfer of energy as heat through a material
h. the lowest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature drops as altitude increases and in
which weather conditions exist
i. the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth’s
rotation
j. the movement of matter due to differences in density caused by temperature variations
____ 51. mercurial barometer
____ 52. mesosphere
____ 53. convection
____ 54. stratosphere
____ 55. Coriolis effect
____ 56. thermosphere
____ 57. radiation
____ 58. aneroid barometer
____ 59. conduction
____ 60. troposphere
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. the layer of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases as altitude increases and where
weather conditions exist
b. the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth’s
rotation
c. the coldest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature decreases as altitude increases
d. the layer of the atmosphere in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains
the ozone layer
e. the waves that make up all forms of radiation, or solar energy
f. the fraction of solar radiation that is reflected off the surface of an object
g. the layer of the atmosphere in which temperature increases as altitude increases and which
includes the ionosphere
h. the zone of indefinite altitude, which extends thousands of kilometers above the
ionosphere
i. the phenomena that makes the sky appear blue and the sun red at sunrise and sunset
j. the force per unit area that is exerted on a surface by the weight of the atmosphere
____ 61. exosphere
____ 62. stratosphere
____ 63. atmospheric pressure
____ 64. thermosphere
____ 65. Coriolis effect
____ 66. electromagnetic waves
____ 67. troposphere
____ 68. albedo
____ 69. scattering
____ 70. mesosphere