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Chapter 5
The Integumentary System
Outline and Objectives
INTRODUCTION
1. Briefly list the functions of the integumentary system.
STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN
2. Describe the two principal parts of the skin.
3. Discuss the structure and function of the subcutaneous layer.
Epidermis
4. Name the four principal types of cells found in the epidermis and their roles.
5. List the layers of the epidermis.
Stratum Basale
6. Describe the features of the stratum basale.
7. Discuss the use of skin grafts in epidermal injury.
Stratum Spinosum
8. Describe the features of the stratum spinosum.
Stratum Granulosum
9. Describe the features of the stratum granulosum.
Stratum Lucidum
10. Describe the features of the stratum lucidum.
Stratum Corneum
11. Describe the features of the stratum corneum.
Keratinization and Growth of the Epidermis
12. Describe the process of keratinization and the role of hormones in the process.
13. Discuss the events of psoriasis and list the various treatments for this problem.
Dermis
14. Discuss the two layers of the dermis in terms of the connective tissue cells and
matrix, as well as the host of sensory receptors, immune cells, adipocytes, and
functional extensions of the epidermis.
15. Discuss the appearance, development, and uniqueness of the epidermal ridges.
The Structural Basis of Skin Color
16. Explain the basis for skin color function and variation.
17. Discuss the use of skin color as a diagnostic clue for certain conditions.
Accessory Structures of the Skin
18. Explain what is meant by epidermal derivative, and the organs that are in this
category.
Hair
19. Discuss the location of hair in the adult.
Anatomy of a Hair
20. Describe the cell types involved in production of the hair root and follicle, and
how they are related to the structures of the sheath layers.
21. List the accessory structures (nerves, erector pilli muscle, sebaceous gland,
etc.) and their functional relation to the hair follicle.
Hair Growth
22. Discus the growth and resting stages of the hair cycle.
Hair Color
23. Discuss the role of melanin in hair color.
Functions of Hair
24. List and describe the functions of hair.
Skin Glands
25. List the different types of skin glands.
Sebaceous Glands
26. Explain the distribution and size of glands over the body, as well as the
content, function, and dysfunction of the sebum secretion.
27. Describe the cause, location, and possible outcome of acne.
Sudoriferous Glands
28. Discuss the different structures, locations, and secretions of the two types of
sudoriferous glands.
Ceruminous Glands
29. Discuss the specialized location of ceruminous glands and the difference in
purpose between cerumin and sebum.
30. Discuss the effect of impacted cerumen on hearing and the treatment for the
condition.
Nails
31. Describe the components of the fingernails and toenails and their growth
pattern.
Types of Skin
32. Compare the structural and functional differences between thin and thick skin.
Functions of Skin
33. List the functions of skin.
Thermoregulation
34. Explain the role of the skin in helping to maintain the homeostasis of normal
body temperature.
Protection
35. Describe the role of the skin in providing a physical, chemical, and biological
barrier for protection.
Cutaneous Sensations
36. Briefly discuss the types of cutaneous sensations that are associated with the
skin.
Excretion and Absorption
37. Discuss the role of the skin in excretion of substances from the body and in
absorption.
Synthesis of Vitamin D
38. Discuss the role of the skin in vitamin D synthesis.
39. Discuss the process of transdermal drug administration.
Maintaining Homeostasis: Skin Wound Healing
40. List the two kinds of skin wound healing, based on the depth of the injury.
Epidermal Wound Healing
41. Outline the causes, description, and steps involved in epidermal wound
healing.
Deep Wound Healing
42. Outline the causes, description, and steps involved in deep wound healing.
Development Anatomy of the Integumentary System
43. Describe the development of the epidermis, its derivatives, and the dermis.
Aging and the Integumentary System
44. Describe the causes and effects for the following skin disorders: burns,
sunburn, skin cancer, acne, and pressure sores.
45. Discuss the effect of overexposure to the sun on the skin.
Skin Cancer
46. Discuss the types of skin cancer and the risk factors for skin cancer.
Burns
47. Distinguish between the characteristics of first, second, and third degree
burns, and their treatment.
Pressure Sores
48. Discuss the cause of pressure sores.
Medical Terminology
49. Define medical terminology associated with the integumentary system.