Download Semester Review #2 Multiple Choice. Circle the best answer. Which

Semester Review #2
Multiple Choice. Circle the best answer.
1. Which seismic wave moves through Earth at the fastest speed?
a. primary wave
b. secondary wave
c. surface wave
d. tsunami
2. Which of the following is a wave of water caused by an earthquake under the
ocean?
a. primary wave
b. secondary wave
c. surface wave
d. tsunami
3. Which type of volcano is relatively small with steep sides?
a. shield
b. composite
c. cinder cone
d. lava dome
4. Which type of lava flows easily?
a. silica-rich
b. basaltic
c. smooth
d. composite
5. Which type of volcano is built from alternating layers of lava and tephra?
a. shield
b. composite
c. lava dome
d. cinder cone
6. What is the cause of the volcanoes on Hawaii?
a. rift zone
b. convergent plate boundary
c. hot spot
d. divergent plate boundary
7. Volcanoes are associated with all of the following EXCEPT
a. rift zones
b. subduction zones
c. epicenters
d. hot spots
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of the following best describes a fault?
the point on Earth’s surface located directly above the earthquake focus
the point inside Earth where movement first occurs during an earthquake
the surface of a break in a rock along which there is movement
the snapping back of a rock that has been strained by force
9. What is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus?
a. earthquake center
b. epicenter
c. fault
d. focus
10. Seismic waves are recorded using an instrument called a ____________.
a. Mercalli scale
b. Richter scale
c. seismograph
d. tephra
11. As plates separate, long cracks called ____________ form between them.
a.
b. boundaries
c. rifts
d. ridges
12. When rock changes shape by breaking, ___________ form.
a. volcanoes
b. plate boundaries
c. epicenters
d. faults
Identify each item as either related to earthquakes(E) or related to volcanoes(V).
___________13. Ash and mudslides
___________14. Seismic-safe construction techniques
___________15. Hot spots
___________16. Magnitude
___________17. Elastic rebound
___________18. Tsunami
___________19. Tephra
Number each pair in order to show how convection currents may cause Earth’s
plates to move.
_______1_______20. Material deep in the mantle is heated by Earth’s core
________________21. The hot, less dense material is forced toward the surface
________________22. The cooler material sinks into the mantle toward Earth’s core
________________23. The hotter, rising mantle material eventually cools
Name the type of fault associated with the information.
Strike-slip (SS), Reverse (R), Normal (N)
____________24. Compression stress
____________25. Tension stress
____________26. Shearing stress
____________27. Transform boundary
____________28. Divergent boundary
____________29. Convergent boundary
Name the type of volcano associated with the following characteristics.
Shield (SH), Cinder Cone(CC), Composite (CV) volcano
____________30. largest type of volcano
____________31. a relatively small cone of volcanic material formed from tephra
____________32. forms along subduction zones
____________33. buildup of basaltic layers, forming a broad volcano with gently
sloping sides
____________34. Sunset Crater, near Flagstaff, Arizona
____________35. Mount St. Helens, in Washington
____________36. a steep-sided mountain composed of alternating layers of lava and
tephra
1. The movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area
of lesser concentration is called:
a. forced transport
b. diffusion
c. engulfing
d. active transport
2. Which organelles are more numerous in more active cells than in less active
cells?
a. ribosomes
b. vacuoles
c. mitochondria
d. golgi bodies
3. A structure that is found in plant cells but not in animal cell is a :
a. cell membrane
b. nucleus
c. cell wall
d. nuclear membrane
4. The grain-like organelles on which proteins are made are called:
a. golgi bodies
b. ribosomes
c. mitochondria
d. endoplasmic reticulum
5. Which of the following is not made of cells?
a. mushrooms
b. sand
c. dog
d. leaf
6. Which scientist did not help to develop the cell theory?
a. Mathias Schleiden
b. Rudolph Virchow
c. Theodor Schwann
d. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
7. The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus is called the:
a. cell wall
b. cytoplasm
c. chlorophyll
d. ribosome
8. The first scientist to see single celled organisms called bacteria:
a. Robert Hooke
b. Rudolph Virchow
c. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
d. Mathias Schleiden
9. What is the basic unit of structure and function in living things?
a. atoms
b. elements
c. compounds
d. cells
10. Water is stored in cells in organelles referred to as:
a. lysosomes
b. vacuoles
c. ribosomes
d. mitochondria
11. What sort of molecular movement requires energy?
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. active transport
d. passive transport
12. What organelle allows only certain materials to enter or exit a cell?
a. cell membrane
b. nucleus
c. nucleolus
d. cytoplasm
13. What organelle dissolves worn out mitochondria from a cell that are no
longer operable?
a. mitochondria
b. vacuole
c. nucleus
d. lysosome
14. When white blood cells engulf and eat bacteria, this process is known as:
a. passive transport
b. pinocytosis
c. diffusion
d. phagocytosis
15. What organelle is a rigid, nonliving material that surrounds plant cells and is
made of cellulose?
a. cell membrane
b. cytoplasm
c. cell wall
d. golgi bodies
16. What type of cell has a nucleus with no membrane surrounding it?
a. eukaryotic
b. prokaryotic
c. animal
d. protist
17. The organelle that produces the ribosomes is the:
a. nucleolus
b. cell membrane
c. mitochondria
d. golgi bodies
18. Which of the following is not a difference between plant and animal cells?
a. vacuoles
b. chloroplasts
c. cell membrane
d. cell wall
19. The structure and function in living things are:
a. atoms
b. cells
c. molecules
d. elements
20. A group of tissues that work together is called a:
a. cells
b. organ system
c. organ
d. organism
21. The first scientist to see cork cells was:
a. Rudolph Virchow
c. Janet Plowe
b. Robert Hooke
d. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
22. The movement of water through a cell membrane from high concentration to
low concentration is called:
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. active transport
d. pinocytosis
23. What organelle is said to be selectively permeable?
a. cell wall
b. cell membrane
c. mitochondria
d. nucleus
24. When the cell takes in fluid particles by engulfing, the process is called:
a. phagocytosis
b. pinocytosis
c. exocytosis
d. osmosis
1. What is the process when DNA is copied before cell division?
a. transcription
b. translation
c. duplication
d. replication
2. What is the process when mRNA is made from the DNA?
a. transcription
b. translation
c. duplication
d. replication
3. What is the process when mRNA carries the message to the ribosome to
make a protein?
a. transcription
b. translation
c. duplication
d. replication
4. What are the building blocks of proteins?
a. ribosomes
b. RNA
c. amino acid
d. nitrogen bases
5. What are three nitrogen bases on the mRNA strand called?
a. protein
b. nucleotide
c. codon
d. anticodon
6. Which of the following is not a nitrogen base of RNA?
a. uracil
b. thymine
c. cytosine
d. guanine
7. What bonds with adenine in RNA?
a. uracil
b. thymine
c. cytosine
d. guanine
8. What brings the amino acid to the ribosome?
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. polypeptide
d. tRNA
9. What is the bond between two amino acids called?
a. protein
b. peptide
c. tRNA
d. hydrogen
10. What bonds with cytosine in DNA?
a. thymine
b. guanine
c. uracil
d. adenine
11. What bonds with adenine in DNA?
a. thymine
b. guanine
c. uracil
d. adenine
12. What is the longest phase in the cell cycle?
a. cytokinesis
b. mitosis
c. telophase
d. interphase
13. What phase of mitosis is when the chromosomes form and nuclear
membrane disappears?
a. anaphase
b. metaphase
c. telophase
d. prophase
14. What phase of mitosis is when the chromosomes separate and move towards
the poles of the cell?
a. anaphase
b. metaphase
c. telophase
d. prophase
15. How many chromosomes are in an ordinary human body cell?
a. 64
b. 92
c. 46
d. 32
16. What is the phase of the cell cycle when the cells separate into two cells?
a. cytokinesis
b. mitosis
c. anaphase
d. interphase
17. What holds the two chromatids together on a chromosome?
a. gorilla glue
b. centromere
c. peptide bond
d. gene
18. What takes the genetic code to the ribosome to form a protein?
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. tRNA
d. mDNA
1 Which of the following would be an example of simple diffusion?
A
the smell of ammonia spreading throughout the room
B
water being poured into a glass
C
blood cells shrinking when placed in salt water
D
turgor pressure in plant cells
2 Which prefix means "greater than"?
A
hypo
B
hyper
C
D
E
iso
plasmo
cyto
3 When the process of diffusion reaches an equilibrium state:
A
the movement of all molecules stops
B
molecules continue to move but in equal amounts
C
a further exchange of molecules ceases
D
a hypotonic solution is formed
4 The part of the cell that is most important in maintaining equilibrium with the cell's
environment is the ...
A
nucleus
B
cytoplasm
C
DNA
D
cell membrane
5 The bursting of cells due to osmosis is called ....
A
plasmolysis
B
hypertonic
C
cytolysis
D
turgor
6 Sea water is approximately 3% salt. Sea water is hypertonic to the tissues of freshwater
fish. Therefore we can conclude that the tissues contain .......% salt.
A
3%
B
greater than 3%
C
less than 3%
D
none of these
7 Red blood cells contain 0.9% salt. Which of the following solutions would be isotonic
solutions to the blood?
A
9% salt
B
0.9% salt
C
0.09% salt
D
0% salt
E
none of these
8 A solution that contains a higher level of salts than found in cells is said to be .....
A
hypertonic
B
hypotonic
C
isotonic
D
catatonic
9 Movement of substances across the membrane without the use of cellular energy is termed
......
A
active transport
B
carrier transport
C
passive transport
D
the sodium-potassium pump
10 The process of facilitated diffusion requires
A
carrier proteins
B
no input of energy from the cell
C
a downhill gradient
D
all of these
11 One common example of active transport is ....
A
the diffusion of glucose across a membrane
B
the sodium-potassium pump
C
osmosis
D
plasmolysis
12 Both facilitated diffusion and active transport make use of carrier molecules that change
shape and move substances through the membrane. These molecules are made of .....
A
hydrophobic lipids
B
carbohydrates
C
proteins
D
hydrophilic lipids
13 The engulfing or swallowing of large objects by amebas or white blood cells is called .....
A
exocytosis
B
pinocytosis
C
phagocytosis
D
oxytosis
14 Which one of the following DOES NOT BELONG?
A
Passive
B
Active
C
Facilitated diffusion
D
Osmosis
15 Which of the following cell structures are involved in exocytosis involving packaged
proteins?
A
cell membrane
B
golgi apparatus
C
ribosomes
D
all of these
16. ___________________ solutions have equal concentrations of solutes inside and outside
the cell.
17. The shrinking of cells due to osmosis is referred to as _______________________.
18. The current model of membrane structure is called the Fluid ____________ Model.
19. Osmosis depends on the concentration gradient on each side of the membrane, which
is determined by the concentration of _____________ dissolved in the water.
20. In diffusion, the movement of molecules is toward the region of
_____________________ concentration.
22. The cytoplasm of apple cells is composed of 65% water and 35% solutes. What will
happen if they put these cells into a solution containing an 85% water solution?
23. Bulk movement of materials out of the cell is referred to as
_________________________.
1. The seafloor spreading theory was proposed by _________________.
A) Alfred Wegener
B) Harry Hess
C) Abraham Ortelius
D) Carl Sagan
2. As Earth’s plates move apart at some boundaries, they collide at others,
forming ______________________.
A) mountains and volcanoes
B) ocean basins
C) strike-slip faults
D) both a and b
3. The youngest rocks in the ocean floor are located at the mid-ocean
________________.
A) volcanoes
B) trenches
C) basins
D) ridges
4. The results of plate movement can be seen at ______________.
A) rift valleys
B) plate centers
C) plate boundaries
D) both a and b
5. The ____________ are forming where the Indo-Australian plate collides into the
Eurasian plate.
A) Andes mountain range
B) Rocky mountains
C) Himalayas
D) Appalachian mountains
6. The presence of the same________________ on several continents supports the
idea of continental drift.
A) fossils
C) neither a nor b
B) rocks
D) both a and b
7. Continental drift occurs because of ________________.
A) seafloor spreading
B) Pangea
C) magnetic reversal
D) earthquakes
8. The cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking is called a ______________.
A) subduction zone
B) convergent boundary
C) convection current
D) conduction current
9.
Oceanic plates are pushed down into the upper mantle in ______________.
A) convection currents
B) subduction zones
C) strike-slip faults
D) divergent boundaries
10. The hypothesis that continents have slowly moved to their current locations
is called __________
A) continental drift
B) continental slope
C) magnetism
D) convection
11. The alignment of iron-bearing minerals in rocks when they formed reflects
the fact that Earth’s ____ has reversed itself several times in its past.
A) magnetic field
B) core
C) asthenosphere
D) gravity
12. The lack of an explanation for continental drift prevented many scientists
from believing a single supercontinent called ____________ once existed.
A) Glomar
B) Glossopteris
C) Pangea
D) Mesosaurus
13. Scientists aboard the Glomar Challenger added to the evidence for the theory
of seafloor spreading by providing ______________.
A) high altitude photos of existing continents
B) samples of plant life from different locations
C) samples of rock from different locations
D) direct measurements of the movement of continents
14.Where plates slide past one another, _________ occur.
A) volcanoes
B) island arcs
C) earthquakes
D) ocean trenches
15. Seafloor spreading occurs because ____________.
A) new material is added to the asthenosphere
B) earthquakes break apart the ocean floor
C) sediments accumulate on the ocean floor
D) hot, less dense material below Earth’s crust is forced upward toward the
surface
16. Studying the ocean floor, scientists found rocks showing magnetic
____________.
A) weakening
B) bonds
C) reversal
D) poles
17. The theory that describes Earth’s upper mantle as being broken into
sections is called ________________.
18. The theory of _______________________ was shown to be correct by age
evidence and magnetic clues.
19. _______________________________, occurring in the mantle, are thought to be the
force behind plate tectonics.
20. Earth’s plastic like layer is the _________________________________.
21. Earth’s __________________________ move around on a special layer of the
mantle.
22. The main lines of evidence for _______________________________are fossil, rock,
and climate clues, and the theory of seafloor spreading.
23. The plastic like layer of Earth’s surface below the lithosphere is the
______________________________.
24. The cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking is
_____________________________.
25. The theory that states Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into
sections, which move around on a special layer of the mantle is
_____________________________.
26. The area where an oceanic plate goes down into the mantle
_________________________.
27. The plate boundary that occurs when two plates slide past each other is
_______________________________.
28. The place where two plates move together is the
______________________________.
29. The rigid layer of Earth’s surface made of the crust and a part of the upper
mantle is the __________________________.
30. The sensing device that detects magnetic fields, helping to confirm
seafloor spreading is __________________________________.
31. The one large landmass hypothesized to have broken apart about 200
million years ago into continents is ________________________________.
32. The hypothesis that the continents have moved slowly to their current
locations is ______________________.
33. The boundary between two plates that are moving apart is
_________________________.
34. The sections of Earth’s crust and upper mantle are the
___________________________.
35. The largest layer of Earth’s surface, composed mostly of silicon, oxygen,
magnesium, and iron ___________________.
36. The outermost layer of Earth’s surface is the ___________________________.
37. Where rocks on opposite sides of a fault move in opposite directions or in
the same direction at different rates is _______________________________.
38. If the body cells of an organism have 10 chromosomes, then the sex cells
have _____________ chromosomes.
39. The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to
form sex cells is called __________________.
40. An organism with two different alleles for a trait is _________________________.