Download Digestive and Urinary System Study Guide

Digestive System Study Guide
What is chemical digestion? The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces
What is mechanical digestion? The chemical breakdown of food into new substances (nutrients)
The ___mouth____________ begins to break down food into smaller pieces through mechanical digestion.
Saliva in the mouth starts the process of ______chemical digestion by turning starch into sugar.
The stomach continues the process of mechanical and chemical digestion using its strong muscles and gastric acid.
The finger-like structures that line the small intestine and aid in absorption are called? Villi
The _______liver, gallbladder____ and _pancreas_____ are the accessory organs to the digestive system. They send
digestive enzymes and bile to the small intestine_.
8. What structure connects the mouth and stomach? Esophagus
9. List the functions of the digestive system.
a. Breakdown food into nutrients that the body can use b. Absorb nutrients necessary for energy, growth and
maintenance c. Rid the body of solid wastes
10. Your digestive system is lined with involuntary muscles called ___smooth_muscle.
11. The movement of food through the digestive system via wave like contractions is called _peristalsis_.
12. After the food is broken down into nutrients and absorbed which body system works with the digestive system to
deliver the nutrients to cells throughout the body? Circulatory system
13. What unit should you use to measure the digestive tract? Meters
14. Put the following words in order from simplest to complex: organism, organ, tissue, cell, organ system
Cell  tissue  organ  organ system  organism
15. What order of organs does food flow through the digestive system? Use: anus, lg. intestine, stomach, esophagus,
sm. Intestine, rectum, mouth.
Mouth esophagus stomachsmall intestine  large intestine  rectum  anus
**NO FOOD PASSES THROUGHT HE ASSESSORY ORGANS (LIVER, GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS)
16. Define an Organ: a group of two or more tissues working together for one purpose
17. The small intestine_ is where the most chemical digestion and absorption take place.
18. Where does the pancreas send the digestive juice it makes? Small intestine
19. What is your largest internal organ? liver
20. What are the two main functions of the liver?
a. Filter blood
b.Produce bile
21. Bile breaks down _______fat________ in the small intestine.
22. Where is bile stored? Gallbladder
23. What is a nutrient? A substance that is necessary to survive
24. Which organ in the digestive system acts like a sponge and absorbs excess water? Large intestine
25. Where is solid waste stored until the brain signals it is time for disposal? Rectum
26. List all the organs that manufacture digestive juices? Stomach (stomach acid), Liver(Bile), Pancreas (Digestive juices)
27. In what order does food go through the digestive tract? See question 15.
28. How is the human body organized? See question 14.
29. The digestive system works with the _______ circulatory system to deliver nutrients to all parts of the body.
30. List all the organs found in the urinary system. Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
31. Which organ in the urinary system expands like a balloon? Bladder
32. What can you compare the kidneys to? A filter because they filter out toxins in the body
33. How many kidneys does the human body have? 2
34. How are the kidneys and bladder connected? By the ureters
35. What is the tube that urine passes through as it is removed from the body? Urethra
36. What would happen if your kidneys failed? You wouldn’t be able to get rid of cellular waste
37. What is the pathway of liquid waste through the urinary system? Kidneys-ureters-bladder-urethra
38. How does the urinary system maintain homeostasis? Maintains water levels
39. What are the main functions of the urinary system?
a. The main function of the excretory system is to filter out cellular wastes, toxins, and excess water from
the blood.
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