Download Muscles to remember

Gross Anatomy of muscles
Facial muscles (facial expression)
Frontalis
Occipitalis
Eipcranial aponeurosis or
epicranius
Orbicularis oculi
Zygomaticus (Major and minor)
Risorius
Depressor group
Orbicularis oris
Mentalis
Buccinator
Platysma
Muscles of mastication (chewing)
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial and Lateral Pterygoid
Buccinator
Glossus muscle
Neck muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
Platysma
Muscles of the trunk – breathing,
Intercostals
Diaphragm
Trunk muscles – abdominal wall,
Rectus abdominis
Linea alba Connective Tissue
External abdominal oblique or
external oblique
Internal obliques
Covers the forehead and dome of the skull – raises eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead
Covers occipital, pulls scalp posteriorly.
Connective tissue connecting frontalis and occipitalis
Circular muscles around the eye – eyelid, sphincter muscle, protects the eye by closing
(Major and minor) – Attached to zygomatic bone to raise the lateral corners of the mouth – to smile – the “smiling
muscle”.
Synergist muscle to the zygomaticus – aka the “laughter muscle”.
Antagonistic to zygomaticus – draws lips downward – aka the “frowning muscle”.
Closes lips, purses and protrudes lips (puckers lips) – aka the “kissing muscle”.
Protrudes lower lip, wrinkles chin – V-shaped muscle on the chin.
The “trumpeter muscle” principle muscle of the cheek – whistle, to blow, infants to suck, holds food in our mouth
between cheeks.
Superficial neck muscle – allows you to tense the neck. It works with the mandible – depression of the mandible.
Prime mover of closing the mandible (mandible elevation)
Big, fan-shaped muscle covers temporal bone, part of frontal pone and part of parietal bone. It closes/elevates the
jaw/retracts mandible, and maintains mandible position
Medial and lateral excursion of the jaw – side to side chewing – synergist to masseter and temporalis
Used in chewing and in expression (see above)
Tongue movements
Prime mover of neck flexion, rotate head toward shoulder, tilt head
Superficial neck muscle used to tense neck
Internal and external – 11 pairs (between 12 pairs of ribs) – aids with inspiration – to take in air. Synergist muscles to
the large diaphragm muscle – helps expand rib cage to take in air.
Dome shaped muscle forming floor of thoracic cavity, prime movement of respiration
Straight strap-like pair of muscles covered by connective tissue. To flex and rotate the lower back/lumbar region,
stabilizes pelvic girdle when walking
Connective tissue between rectus abdominis muscle- NOT A MUSCLE
Means outer abdominal – muscles used to compress the abdominal muscles – aids back muscles. Intrabdominal
pressure – holds/compresses abdominal.
Internal to outside (external obliques) – compresses the abdominal wall
Transverse abdominis
Compresses abdominal organs
Thorax muscles (anterior – front),
Pectoralis minor
Draws the scapula forward – acts on shoulder movement. Is interior to pectoralis major (upper limb muscle).
Serratus anterior
Called the “boxers muscle” – it allows you to throw a punch forward. Prime mover of scapula protraction. Important
in abduction of arm – pushing, punching.
Thorax muscles (posterior – back
Trapezius
Diamond shaped muscle – stabilize the scapula, retraction, rotation, and elevation of shoulder.
Levitator scapulae
Elevates the scapula
Rhomboid (major and minor)
Deeper to trapezius, used for paddling. Arm is lowered, against resistance, adduction – aka the “paddling muscle”.
Latissimus dorsi
Lower back muscle. Prime mover of arm extension. Adductor, hammer, swimming motions
Muscles acting on the upper limbs
Pectoralis major
Large fan shaped muscles covering the upper portion of the chest. Prime mover of arm adduction – climbing,
throwing, pushing.
Latissimus dorsi
SEE ABOVE
Deltoids
Makes up roundness of shoulder. Prime mover for arm abduction. Antagonist to pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi.
Rotator cuff muscles
Swinging motion. Group of tendons and muscles allows stability of the scapula and humerus
Muscles acting on the forearm
Triceps brachii
Made up of 3 divisions/origins. Prime mover of arm extension. Antagonist to arm flexion. The back part of the arm.
Biceps brachii
Made up of 2 divisions/origins. Flexes the arm at the elbow, supination of the forearm.
Brachialis
Major flexing muscle, strongest in the arm.
Brachioradialis
Synergist muscle in arm flexion. Weak muscle but works when arm is partially flexed.
Wrist and hand
Wrist movements – carpi muscles
Finger and thumb movements
Thigh and leg, (A = anterior, P = posterior)
Sartorius
A
Starts at pelvic area, wraps front of leg and goes to the medial knee cap. Called “tailors muscle” – allows for flexion.
Adductor group
A
Group of three large muscles – work to go through adduction – presses legs together. Internal leg, presses them
together – pulled groin is a pulled adductor muscle.
Quadriceps femoris
A
Four heads – anterior femur or thigh. Rectus femoris and three vastus muscles, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedialis,
and vastus medialis. Make up flexor muscle of thigh, vastus muscles are knee extensors.
Gluteus maximus
P
Posterior hip, largest muscle of the body – for major hip extension, climbing steps.
Gluteus medius
P
Important for walking, common injection site for muscular injections.
Hamstring group
P
Back of thigh, three muscles – biceps foramis, semidendinosus, semimembranosis). Prime mover of hip extension,
knee flexion. Antagonistic to quadriceps.
Ankle and toes
Tibialis anterior
Prime mover of Dorsiflexion (toes up).
Gastrocnemius
Posterior calf – prime mover of plantar flexion (toes down).