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Take home assignment 2
A= True / B = false for all statements with no choices
1. nutrition in a unicellular organism occurs through the cell membrane True
2. the main purpose of eating/nutrition is
a. to satisfy hunger, which is due to the acid in the stomach
b. growth and maintenance of the body True
3. fluid feeders obtain nutrition by extracting food from the surrounding medium false
4. carbohydrates that we eat are polysaccharides and these are broken down into
monosaccharides. These monosaccharaides are absorbed into the blood and used for
energy or stored in the liver. True
5. excess sugar in the diet is stored as glucose in the liver false
6. nucleases are enzymes that digest DNA and RNA in the stomach false
7. the pH in the stomach is below 7 or acidic True
8. starch digestion begins in the stomach with the enzyme amylase false
9. the stomach is sealed off from the oesophagus and the duodenum by skeletal muscles
false
10. saliva is used to lubricate the chewed food into a bolus so it can slide down the
oesophagus into the stomach false [ lubrication assists in the peristalsis, and is not
the cause of food entering the stomach ]
11. chewing is an essential function for fluid feeders false
12. swallowing is an involuntary reaction when food enters the mouth false
13. the walls of the entire digestive system are lined by involuntary muscles True
14. ingested food first enters the larynx before the oesophagus false
15. the digestive system of many animals has different sections specialized for different
functions and are like a tube within a tube (or digestive tube within a body) True
16. the cells lining the wall of the digestive system are called epithelial cells. True The
epithelial cells of the stomach are replaced approximately every three days by the
process of meiosis false
17. in animals like Hydra ingestion and excretion occur through the same opening. True
Cells of their gastro-vascular cavity wall directly absorb the ingested material. False [
the cells first secrete enzymes to break down the macromolecules in the
gastrovascular cavity itself, and then absorb them ]
18. animals like deer have an elongate cecum for the digestion of cellulose false
19. the epithelial cells of the wall of the stomach and intestine are stratified cuboidal false
20. gastric ulcers respond to what combination of treatment
a. increase in acidity
b. antibiotics
c. bismuth
d. b and c True
21. gastrin stimulates the secretion of gastric juices when we eat food because it is always
present in the blood stream false
22. basal metabolism refers to the minimum energy required
a. for daily functioning
b. for metabolic reactions when at rest
c. ranges between 1300 and 1800 kcal for humans
d. a and c
e. b and c True
23. retinol is a dietary requirement important for bone development false
24. antibiotics are drugs we take to kill harmful bacteria in our bodies, but they also kill
useful bacteria. What may be the effect of consuming too much antibiotics and having
a diet deficient in vegetables?
a. Enlarged thyroid
b. Diabetes
c. Anemia
d. Scurvy
e. Defective blood clotting True
25. vitamins C, niacin, riboflavin and pantothenic acid are important for cellular
respiration false
26. cobalt deficiency will result in anemia and nervous disorders True
27. iron metabolism and absorption is affected by
a. ascorbic acid
b. copper
c. tocopherol
d. a and c
e. a and b True
28. B1, folic acid, iron, biotin, calcium, copper, and molybdenum are obtained in our diet
from
a. Green leafy vegetables
b. Meat
c. Legumes True
d. Dairy products
e. Sea food
29. muscle weakness and cramps are associated with deficiencies of pyridoxine,
potassium, chlorine, sodium, magnesium, selenium False
30. beriberi is the name for bone deformities caused due to deficiency in vitamin D False
31. vitamins A, B, D and K may accumulate in adipose tissue resulting in toxic affects
False
32. muscles of the walls of blood vessels and digestive system are long striated bands,
involuntary in function False
33. hormones are secreted into the blood by organs such as the testes, pituitary, liver and
kidneys False
34. pancreas are important components of the endocrine and digestive system True
35. tendons are a type of connective tissue that connect bones to each other False
36. epithelium has one edge or margin fixed by basement membrane and the other end is
free. If this is a single layer of cells they are called simple epithelium, else they are
called stratified True
37. epithelium of the air tubes is responsible for peristalsis False
38. organs are made up of epithelial, connective and muscular tissue. In addition they
have nerve connections True
39. scales, feathers, hair and fur are integumentary structures, are examples of adaptation
to different functions True
40. negative feed back is an important concept of homeostasis (maintenance of a steady
state between the internal and external environment of the organism). This is the same
concept in the digestive process in the stomach. True
41. reciprocal translocation refers to chiasma and crossing over of a chromosomes False
42. chromosomal non-disjunction is the cause of
a. Klinefelter and Turner syndrome True
b. Down syndrome and Tay-Sachs disease
c. Hemophilia
d. a
e. b and d
43. people with achondroplasia are heterozygous for the genotype because it is a
recessive disorder False
44. carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, and leukemia are examples of metastasis
45. cell plate is associated with metaphase False
46. Hershey and Chase discovered that DNA was the genetic material True
47. mutagenesis or new mutations
a. occur because of errors in reading frame during transcription or translation
b. are always harmful
c. may be spontaneous or induced by external agents
d. a, b, c
e. a and c True
48. large complex organisms have specialized structures that increase the surface area for
chemical reactions and absorption. True