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TABLES
S.1. Which Hypotheses Explain Great-Power Military
Spending? .................................
2.1. Comparison of Causality Results, Chowdhury (1991)
and Kusi (1994) .............................
3.1. Output Correlations with Coal Consumption and
Iron/Steel Production ........................
3.2. National Output Measures: Five Great Powers,
1870–1939.................................
3.3. Real Military Expenditures: Five Great Powers,
1870–1939.................................
3.4. Military Personnel: Five Great Powers, 1870–1939 ...
3.5. Central Government Expenditures: Five Great
Powers, 1870–1939 ..........................
3.6. Political Participation Indexes: 1870–1939 Averages ..
3.7. France: Sign and Significance of Model 1
Parameter Estimates .........................
3.8. Germany: Sign and Significance of Model 1
Parameter Estimates .........................
3.9. Japan: Sign and Significance of Model 1
Parameter Estimates .........................
3.10. Russia: Sign and Significance of Model 1
Parameter Estimates .........................
3.11. United States: Sign and Significance of Model 1
Parameter Estimates .........................
3.12. France: Sign and Significance of Model 2
Parameter Estimates .........................
3.13. Germany: Sign and Significance of Model 2
Parameter Estimates .........................
ix
xiii
7
13
14
15
17
18
18
39
40
40
41
42
44
44
x
Military Expenditures and Economic Growth
3.14. Japan: Sign and Significance of Model 2
Parameter Estimates .........................
3.15. Russia: Sign and Significance of Model 2
Parameter Estimates .........................
3.16. United States: Sign and Significance of Model 2
Parameter Estimates .........................
5.1. Which Hypotheses Explain Great-Power Military
Spending? .................................
45
46
47
64