Download Matter and Change

Chemistry Joke
What do you call iron blowing
in the wind?
Febreeze!
“Matter
and
Change”
Chemistry - the study of matter
and its changes
• Matter - anything that has mass and takes up
space
– Air and smoke are examples of matter
– Light and heat are energy, not matter
• Mass - quantity of matter (numbers of atoms
or molecules)
• Weight - measure of gravitational attraction
– Dependent on gravity of location
Study of Matter
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•
•
•
•
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States of Matter
Classifications of Matter
Physical Properties of Matter
Physical Changes of Matter
Chemical Properties of Matter
Chemical Changes of Matter
States of Matter
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•
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Gas - indefinite volume and shape
Liquid - definite volume, indefinite shape
Solid - definite volume and shape
Plasma – a gas that has a charge because it has
been heated and has lost its electrons.
Classifications of Matter
plasma
Pure Substances
• Elements
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–
–
–
Simplest form of matter / building blocks
Composed of only one type of atom
Cannot be simplified
Ex: Any element on periodic table
• Compounds
– Substances that can be separated only by chemical
means into simpler substances
– Can be written as a chemical formula
– Ex: water, H2O; baking soda, NaHCO3; ammonia,
NH3
Mixtures
• 2 Types
– Homogeneous
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Composed of only one phase of matter
Completely uniform throughout
Also called a solution
Ex: salt water, air
– Heterogeneous
• Non-uniform distribution
• Ex: apple, salad
• Can be separated by physical means
– Filtration, distillation, chromatography
Physical Separation of a
Homogeneous Mixture by Distillation
liquid
alcohol
and water
alcohol
Physical Separation of a Heterogeneous
Mixture Using Magnetism
Physical Separation of a Homogeneous
Mixture Using Chromatography
Physical Properties of Matter
Properties that can be observed and measured
without changing the composition of the
substance
Color
State of Matter
(solid, liquid, gas)
Melting and
Boiling point
Solubility
Electrical
Conductivity
Density
Thermal
Conductivity
Metallic
Characteristics
(malleability,
ductility, & luster)
Magnetic
Properties
Physical Changes of Matter
Changes in Form not Substance
• Phase changes are physical!!
– Melting, freezing, boiling, condensing,
evaporating
• Tearing, breaking, cutting, crushing
• Dissolving is a physical change!!
Chemical Properties of Matter
• Ability of a substance to
undergo a chemical reaction
and form a new substance
• Flammability / Combustibility
• Acidic or basic
• Reactivity
Chemical Changes of Matter
Indicators that a chemical change may
have happened:
 Energy is absorbed or released
(temperature changes)
 Color changes
 Gas is produced (bubbling, fizzing, or odor
change; smoke)
 Precipitate is formed - a solid that
separates from solution (won’t dissolve)
 Irreversibility - not easily undone
Words Associated
with Chemical Change
Burn
Decompose Corrode
Rot
Ferment
Cook
Rust
Explode
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Chemical Reactions of Matter
 Starting substances called
reactants change to form
products.
 Reactant + Reactant → Product
The Law of Conservation of Mass
(of Matter!)
• In any physical or chemical change,
mass is neither created nor destroyed; it
is CONSERVED!
• In other words, the mass of the reactants
will ALWAYS equal the mass of the
products.
43.43 g Original mass = 43.43 g Final mass
reactants
→
product
Chemistry Joke
Q: H2O is water and H2O2 is
hydrogen peroxide. What is
H2O4?
A: Drinking, Bathing, Etc.!