Download 09. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY.2016

CLASS 9
COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY
COMPUTER METAPHOR
• Computer metaphor: thinking is simply the
processing of information
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COGNITIVE REVOLUTION
• 1960-1975
• Extended the rigor of learning approaches
• Maximizes the thinking aspect
What’s in the black box ?
Here’s what:
A FLOW-CHART OF PROCESSES
IMPACT
• changed all branches of
psychology
• gave psychology two Nobel prize
winners
Dan Kahneman
• Nobel Prize 2003
• Psychology of attention
• Former UBC prof
Herbert Simon
• Nobel Prize 1978
• Memory
• Psychology of economics
OTHER EXAMPLES of IMPACT
• Linguistics
– Chomsky
– hardwired system
• Animal research
Social psychology
(social cognition)
• Q: What social information do we process?
• A: Salient information
– loud, bright, moving, unusual
• Q: Who is prejudiced?
• A: Everyone
– Automatic stereotyping, then controlled inhibition
• Hot vs. Cold cognition
– Mostly cold -- one hot e.g. is cognitive dissonance
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• A unique product of cognitive revolution
• No subjects; no experiments
• AI researchers simulate human thinking with
machines
• They write computer programs
• Assumption: a perfect simulation should reveal
nature of human thinking
Chess Playing Programs
1997 IBM’s Deep Blue beats Kasparov
General Knowledge programs
2010 IBM’s Watson wins Jeopardy Contest
But do computers really think?
Yes, if they pass The Turing Test
-after Alan Turing
-British mathematician
-see film ‘The Imitation Game’
- what is the Turing Test? –
-human or computer ?
Turing Tournaments:
Home Page of the Loebner Prize
A Turing Test for Computer Game Bots Technology Review
The first chatter-bot
ELIZA: computer therapist
• Simulates Rogerian therapy
• Reflects and encourages more talk
• Let’s try the TURING TEST on ELIZA
http://www.cyberpsych.org/eliza/
http://nlp-addiction.com/eliza/
Better ones ?
• A.L.I.C.E., Mitzuku
• Reverse TURING:
• for example
• CAPTCHA
Critique of Artificial Intelligence
• Can computers ever simulate humans
completely ? Cyborgs?
• If not, what’s missing ?
• Can we every program those features?
Be Very Afraid ?
HAL-9000
Takes over the
spaceship
Space Odyssey:
2001
Should we be afraid?
Deep Blue, Watson & HAL
-be careful about
what you program !