Download Rocks and Minerals

Rocks and Minerals
By: Johnny
Book
Sedimentary rocks
• These rocks cover over 80% of Earth’s land area. Most
of them are made from pieces of other rocks. When
other rocks get worn down by rain the pieces get
deposited into seas, rivers, and lakes. They build up over
a long time and this squeezes the water out and after
they’re dried up it makes a rock. (so that is how most of
these rocks get made)
• On the next slide there will be an example
Conglomerate
(a type of sedimentary rock)
• This rock is made of left-over rocks. This rock’s lumps
and bumps are smooth. Sometimes this rock is only
made of one rock. Colors it can be include bright yellow,
red, and gray!
Molten Rocks
• These rocks start low beneath the surface of the earth.
Then they explode out of volcanoes. When they cool off,
they form a solid rock. They make up 95% of the earth’s
crust. Many of them contain the world’s most important
minerals.
• Some types of molten rocks:
– Obsidian
– Basalt
– Peridotite
• See next page for “Tuff”
Tuff
(an example of a molten rock)
• This rock is made mostly of ash.
• It’s colors can be: brown, gray, yellow and
red.
• It’s look-alike is called ignimbrite
• It is found in young volcanoes
Metamorphic Rocks
• These rocks start out as one type of rock,
but when heated or pressurized they
change! These rocks can change so much
that they don’t even look like their original
rock!
Slate
(a metamorphic rock)
• This rock was once clay, mudstone, or volcanic ash. This rock was
put under pressure, then it changed. This rock has two layers: made
up of the original rock (this layer is called bedding) and the second
layer is it’s new form, slate (called foliation). It can split easily on the
direction of the layers. This rock can be used for roofing and pool
tables!
• Colors: dark gray, green, purple
ORE
• Some examples of this category are steel
and copper, which helped build the
modern world.
• Some examples include:
– Hematite
– Magnetite
– Pyrite
Uraninite
(another type of ore)
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It is radioactive
It is the principal ore of uranium
Know one knew it’s value until 1898
It’s hardness is 4-6
Colors: Black and brown
Minerals
3
• There are more then 3*10 of these fellows.
• Each one has it’s own structure.
• These rocks you can find in veins
hundreds of feet, some even miles long.
• Some examples:
– Quartz
– Olivine
– Talc
Hornblende
(a type of mineral)
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This mineral has a German name.
It is made of silicate
Looks like Augite
It’s hardness is 5-6
Purists
(or Native Elements)
• These rocks only have one type of atom in
them, which is why they are called
“purists”, or elements.
• Nothing can be simpler then these rocks.
• These make up the periodic table.
• Some of these rocks make the finest ore
and the worlds greatest treasures.
• Examples: Gold, Graphite, Sulfur
SILVER
(a purist)
• It can be found mixed with GOLD, sulfur, and
arsenic.
• This rock, as you should know, is minted as
coins and used for jewelry.
• Bacteria and fungi can’t stand it, so it is used to
help wounds heel!
Little Gems
• There are only 130 gems in this group.
• When they are cut and polished they
become gem stones.
• They are rated on the four C’s : color, cut,
clarity, and carat (weight).
• Examples:
– Emerald (beryl)
– Jade
DIAMOND
(a gem)
• Since this is the hardest mineral on earth it is resistant to
chemicals and it never gets scratched or nicked.
• Diamonds are formed in volcanic pipes but it can be
pulled up out of rivers and off into the ocean.
• This mineral is 100% carbon, and it forms nice looking
crystals.
• Its hardness is 10
Fossils Fossils dun dun duuun
• These aren’t really rocks or minerals, but
fossils hold cool prints of animals, and
other cool stuff.
• Fossils are as old as rocks, and they form
layers in bedrock that give clues about the
past.
• 18th century scientists figured out that
fossils contained imprints of organisms
that were once living.
Trace fossil
• This fossil captures the activities of ancient
animals. The first examples of this guy are
slithers by worms 570 million years ago.
Dino tracks are this fossils most famous
imprints.
Read this book
• This book contains lots of cool information
on rocks and minerals. So I strongly
suggest you read this book.
The end