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Properties
Rock and
Roll
Igneous
Rocks
Sedimentary Metamorphic
Rocks
Rocks
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Name four
properties you can
observe in rocks and
minerals?
Color, luster,
hardness,
texture
What is a geologist?
A scientist that
studies the earth is a
geologist.
Name three ways
geologists identify
minerals.
They apply a cold acid.
They do a hardness test.
They look at the luster.
They observe the cleavage.
They look at the color and
shape.
What does texture
mean?
How an object
feels (smooth,
rough, grainy);
how the grains of
a rock look
What does
luster mean?
A property of a
mineral that
describes how light
bounces off of a
mineral.
What happens to vinegar when
calcite is placed in the cup of
vinegar?
It fizzes up with a line of
continual bubbles.
Give two example of how
humans use minerals.
Salt for food
Metal for cars and other objects
Jewelry
Name and describe one mineral
or rock used in one of our Foss
Kit activities.
Feldspar- pinkish, tann-ish; found in granite
Granite- has mica, feldspar, hornblende, and quartz
Calcite- is clear or white and vinegar fizzes when
calcite is in it
Fluorite- is green and clear looking
Mica- is blackish, brownish, silver-ish and has a lot
of cleavage
What is a property?
A property is a unique feature of
minerals that helps tell them
apart (examples of this are color,
shape, size, etc.)
What does hardness mean?
A property that describes how
easily it can be scratched.
What does the word
‘igneous’mean?
fire
How are igneous rocks formed?
When melted rock cools and
hardens.
Draw a picture that would show
how igneous rocks are formed.
Answers will vary.
Where are igneous rocks
formed?
Above ground or under ground
Is Pumice an igneous rock? How
do you know this?
Yes, because the holes in pumice
tell me that it cooled quickly
above ground. The holes come
from pockets of air that used to
be there.
What are sedimentary rocks
made of ?
Sediments
How are sedimentary rocks
formed?
It is formed when layers of
sediment are squeezed and
pressed together.
Draw a picture of how a
sedimentary rock would look.
The pictures should have
a rock with layers.
Is sandstone a sedimentary rock?
Why or why not?
Yes, it has layers
What breaks down the earth so
that there become sediments?
Wind and water (rain)
What does
metamorphic mean?
Changed
How are metamorphic rocks
formed?
It is formed when a rock has
been changed by heat and
pressure.
Gneiss is a metamorphic rock.
What rock was it before?
Granite
Draw a picture representing how
metamorphic rocks are made.
Answers will vary but you
should see heat and pressure
somewhere in their picture.
Schist is a metamorphic rock.
What rock did schist used to be?
Schist could have been formed
from basalt, an igneous rock;
shale, a sedimentary rock; or
slate, a metamorphic rock.
Reading a Hardness Test
Mineral
Tool 1
Tool 2
Tool 3
Quartz
Talc
Diamond
Fluorite
yes
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
yes
no
no
Number
of Tools
1
3
0
2
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What is the hardest mineral? Why?
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What is the softest mineral? Why?
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List the minerals in order from softest to hardest
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