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CHAPTER
Atomic Structure and the
Periodic Table
NEW CHAPTER
the BIG idea
A substance’s atomic structure determines its physical and chemical
properties.
5.1 Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
5.2 Elements make up the periodic table.
5.3 The periodic table is a map of the elements.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
CHAPTER RESOURCES
5.1
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
• All matter is made of the atoms of approximately 100
elements.
• Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
nucleus
proton
VOCABULARY
proton
neutron
nucleus
electron
atomic number
atomic mass
number
neutron
isotope
ion
electron cloud
SIMULATION
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Build a model of an atom.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
5.1
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
• All matter is made of the atoms of approximately 100
elements.
• Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Different elements are made of different atoms.
• Atoms form ions by gaining or losing electrons.
VOCABULARY
proton
neutron
nucleus
electron
11 electrons
(11-)
10 electrons
(10-)
atomic number
atomic mass
number
Loses 1
electron
isotope
ion
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
Sodium Atom (Na)
Sodium Ion (Na + )
SECTION
OUTLINE
5.2
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Elements make up the periodic table.
• Elements can be organized by similarities.
• The periodic table organizes the atoms of the elements
by properties and atomic number.
• Groups of elements have similar properties.
VOCABULARY
atomic mass
periodic table
group
period
F
Cl
Br
I
At
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
5.2
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
Elements make up the periodic table.
• Elements can be organized by similarities.
• The periodic table organizes the atoms of the elements
by properties and atomic number.
• Groups of elements have similar properties.
• Elements in a period have varying properties.
Period 3
Na Mg
Al Si P
VOCABULARY
atomic mass
periodic table
group
period
S Cl Ar
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
5.3
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
The periodic table is a map of the elements.
• The periodic table has distinct regions.
VOCABULARY
reactive
metal
nonmetal
metalloid
radioactivity
half-life
metal
metalloid
nonmetal
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
CHAPTER HOME
KEY CONCEPT
5.3
The periodic table is a map of the elements.
• The periodic table has distinct regions.
• Most elements are metals.
• Nonmetals and metalloids have a wide range of
properties.
• Some atoms can change their identity through
radioactive decay.
Original Isotope Remaining (%)
Radioactive Decay
VOCABULARY
reactive
metal
nonmetal
metalloid
radioactivity
100
half-life
50
25
12.5
0
VISUALIZATION
1
2
3
Number of half-lives
= original element
= new element
4
CLASSZONE.COM
Watch how a radioactive
element decays over time.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE
5.1
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
I. Atoms are the smallest form of elements.
A. All matter is made of atoms.
1. Types of Atoms in Earth’s Crust and Living
Things
2. Names and Symbols of Elements
B. Each element is made of a different atom.
1. The Structure of an Atom
2. Atomic Numbers
3. Atomic Mass Numbers
C. Atoms form ions.
1. Formation of Positive Ions
2. Formation of Negative Ions
VOCABULARY
proton
neutron
nucleus
electron
atomic number
atomic mass
number
isotope
ion
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
5.2
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
Elements make up the periodic table.
II. Elements make up the periodic table.
A. Elements can be organized by similarities.
1. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
2. Predicting New Elements
B. The periodic table organizes the atoms of the
elements by properties and atomic number.
1. Reading the Periodic Table
VOCABULARY
atomic mass
periodic table
group
period
2. Groups and Periods
3. Trends in the Periodic Table
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
5.3
KEY CONCEPT
CHAPTER HOME
The periodic table is a map of the elements.
III. The periodic table is a map of the elements.
A. The periodic table has distinct regions.
B. Most elements are metals.
1. Reactive Metals
2. Transition Metals
3. Rare Earth Elements
C. Nonmetals and metalloids have a wide range of
properties.
1. Halogens
2. Noble Gases
3. Metalloids
D. Some atoms can change their identity.
1. Uses of Radioactivity in Medicine
2. Radioactive Decay
VOCABULARY
reactive
metal
nonmetal
metalloid
radioactivity
half-life
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
CHAPTER HOME
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