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Equine Muscular
System
Function of the Muscular
System
A.
B.
C.
Provides movement in conjunction
with the skeletal system
Important in life support
Used by some humans for food
Classifications of Muscles
A.
Voluntary

B.
Movement of the muscle is under the control of
the animal
Involuntary

Movement of the muscle is not controlled by the
animal
Types of Muscles
A.
Smooth Muscles


Involuntary muscles,
found in the walls of
internal organs and the
blood vessels.
Fibers are under
involuntary control and
appear spindle-shaped.
Types of Muscles
A.
Cardiac Muscles

Muscles that form a
network to make up the
heart.
Types of Muscles
A.
Skeletal Muscles:


Have a striped
appearance, include
voluntary and
involuntary, attached to
and moves your bones.
This is a majority of the
muscle tissue in your
body.
The Muscle System
A.
Brachiocephalicus

located in the neck, running from the head to the
humerus, allows the foreleg to move forward and
effects movement in the shoulder,

B.
such as when the horse is in collection, the shoulder is raised.
Deltoidus

located over the shoulder, begins at the scapula and
runs down to the humerus, enables flexion of the
foreleg.
Brachiocephalicus
Deltoidus
The Muscle System
C.
Triceps Brachii


D.
involves 3 muscle strands, it is the most important
muscle that extends the elbow.
The 3 strands run from the scapula and humerus into
the ulna at the top of the forearm.
Pectoralis

Goes from the sternum to the humerus. This is one of
the 4 muscles that make up the Pectorals.
Triceps Brachii
Pectoralis
The Muscle System
E.
External Obliquus Abdominis


F.
The largest of the abdominal muscles, running
backwards
This muscle aids flexion of the back, and assists in
exhaling.
Trapezius


Located in the neck and is a wide muscle of 2 bands
that start on the top side of the neck and run down to
the shoulder area.
These muscles help to raise the shoulder.
Trapezius
External Obliquus
Abdominis
The Muscle System
G.
Latissimus Dorsi

H.
Supports the back, helps to pull the body forward
during movement. Runs from the top of the back
forward to the shoulder and humerus.
Quadreceps Femoris

Located in the hind quarters and has 4 strands of
muscle, working together they help with extension of
the stifle joint and flexion of the hip.
Quadraceps Femoris
Latissimus
Dorsi
The Muscle System
I.
Superficial Gluteal




runs across the hip and down to the femur.
This muscle that enables flexion of the hip and the
forward movement of the joint.
It is a thick and fleshy muscle, which gives the shape
of the croup.
Used in kicking and rearing movements.
Superficial Gluteal
The Muscle System
J.
Biceps Femoris

K.
Is located in the hind quarters, allows the hind leg to
extend, allows abduction of the leg, and such
movements as rearing and kicking.
Deep Digital Flexor

Is part of 3 strands of muscle in the hind leg, joining the
humerus and the bones of the lower leg, it extends the
elbow, and flexes the carpus and lower leg.
Biceps
Femoris
Deep
Digital
Flexor
Equine Anatomy
Muscular System



The muscular system provides movement both internally
and externally.
Muscles are the active organs of motion and are
characterized by their property of contracting or changing
shape when stimulated.
Each muscle is supplied by one or more nerves that bring
commands from the brain to make it contract.
Equine Anatomy
Muscular System


Muscles compose about 50 percent of the total body
weight.
The muscle system is made up of three types of muscles



smooth or involuntary,
cardiac or involuntary striated, and
striated or skeletal muscle.
Myopathies/Myositides
A.
Myopathies

B.
diseases that primarily cause damage to muscles. They
may be present at birth (congenital) or occur due to
nutritional imbalances, injury, or ingestion of a
poisonous substance.
Myositides

diseases that produce a mainly inflammatory reaction in
muscle. Common causes include infections, parasitic
diseases, and immune-mediated conditions.
Myopathies/Myositides
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Immune-mediated Myositis
Fibrotic and Ossifying Myopathy in Quarter Horses
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
Rhabdomyolysis
Steatitis
Selenium or Vitamin E Deficiency
Project
A.
B.
Pick one of the Diseases on the power point and research it
Have the following





C.
D.
Poster / Paper/ Presentation
Present in class


E.
Etiology/Pathology/Epidemiology
Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Control/Prevention
You will be teaching the class about the disease
5-10 minutes long
150 points