Download Skeletal System Disorders

Skeletal
System
Disorders
Osteomyelitis
• Infection of the bone
• Causes include: invading bacteria,
pneumonia, typhoid, inflammation of
teeth, and injury to bone
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Joint
Disorders
Arthritis
• Inflammation of the joints = pain,
stiffness, & swelling (over 100
different forms - most crippling
disease in the U.S.)
• Treatment may include: antiinflammatory medication like aspirin,
exercise to maintain joint mobility,
rest during pain, heat for stiffness
and/or cold for swelling
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Osteoarthritis
• Joint damage that occurs when
articular cartilage softens & breaks
down = pain, stiffness, & restricted
movement
• Causes include: aging, irritation,
wear & abrasion of joints
• Most common type of chronic
arthritis
• Frequently affects fingers, spine,
knees & hips
Osteoarthritis
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Inflammation of the synovial membrane
resulting in swollen, painful joints muscle spasms, destruction of cartilage,
and abnormal calcium deposits are
features of this disease
• Cause: autoimmune disorder
• Affects 3x more women than men;
usually begins between ages 40 - 50
Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Gout
• A very painful attack (inflammation) in a
single joint, commonly the big toe
• Cause: uric acid(waste product) is not
properly metabolized & builds up in the blood
- needle-shaped uric acid crystals are then
deposited in a joint
• Most common in males after age 30;
hereditary link
• Treatment: drugs, weight loss, diet low in
nucleic acid and avoidance of alcohol
Gout
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Dislocation
• Bone is forced out of its proper position
in a joint
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Sprain
• Tearing or straining of tendons and/or
ligaments resulting in pain & swelling;
heals slowly due to poor blood supply in
tendons/ligaments
• Treatment: RICE - Rest, Ice,
Compression & Elevation
Sprain
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Nutritional
Disorders
Rickets
• Cartilage does not ossify in children,
resulting in soft bones which
become bent and distorted
• Cause: Vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
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Osteomalacia
• Adult bones demineralize resulting in
bowed legs, flattened pelvis, and spinal
deformity
• Cause: Vitamin D deficiency
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Osteoporosis
• A loss in bone mass leading to thin,
fragile bones - especially in the spine
and femur
• Cause: Aging, Gender(female),
menopause (decreased estrogen), poor
diet, lack of exercise, genetics, smoking
• Treatment/Prevention: minimize risk of
falls, slow down demineralization
process, treat pain
Osteoporosis
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Osteoporosis
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Closed Fracture
• Bone is broken but stays in place - does
not penetrate the skin
• A “clean break”
• Also called a closed fracture
Closed Fracture
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Compound Fracture
• Broken ends of the bone protrude
through soft tissues and the skin
• May result in severe bone infection
(osteomyelitis) = massive doses of
antibiotics
• Also called an open fracture
Compound Fracture
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Greenstick
fracture
• Bone breaks incompletely, much in the
way a green twig breaks
• Common in children due to higher
cartilage content
Greenstick
fracture
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Spinal
Problems
Herniated discs
• Discs dry and harden with age, which
may cause them to protrude and press
on the spinal cord or nerves; results in
numbness & excruciating pain
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Abnormal Spinal Curvatures
• May be congenital (present at birth), or
due to disease, poor posture, or
unequal muscle pull on spine
Scoliosis
• Lateral curvature of the spine
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Kyphosis
• Thoracic vertebrae curve outward
“hunchback”
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Lordosis
• Lumbar vertebrae curve inward
“swayback”
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THE END!