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Anatomy & Physiology
SIXTH EDITION
Chapter 10, part 1
Muscle Tissue
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by
Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Frederic H. Martini
Fundamentals of
Learning Objectives
• Describe the organization of muscle and the
unique characteristics of skeletal muscle cells.
• Identify the structural components of the
sarcomere.
• Summarize the events at the neuromuscular
junction.
• Explain the key concepts involved in skeletal
muscle contraction and tension production.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Learning Objectives
• Describe how muscle fibers obtain energy for
contraction.
• Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic
contraction, muscle fiber types, and muscle
performance.
• Identify the differences between skeletal, cardiac
and smooth muscle.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SECTION 10-1
Skeletal muscle tissue and the Muscular System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Three types of muscle
• Skeletal – attached to bone
• Cardiac – found in the heart
• Smooth – lines hollow organs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skeletal muscle functions
• Produce skeletal movement
• Maintain posture and body position
• Support soft tissues
• Guard entrances and exits
• Maintain body temperature
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SECTION 10-2
Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organization of connective tissues
• Epimysium surrounds muscle
• Perimysium sheathes bundles of muscle fibers
• Epimysium and perimysium contain blood
vessels and nerves
• Endomysium covers individual muscle fibers
• Tendons or aponeuroses attach muscle to bone or
muscle
PLAY
Animation: Gross anatomy of skeletal muscle
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.1 The Organization of Skeletal Muscles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.1
Skeletal muscle fibers
• Sarcolemma (cell membrane)
• Sarcoplasm (muscle cell cytoplasm)
• Sarcoplasmic reticulum (modified ER)
• T-tubules and myofibrils aid in contraction
• Sarcomeres – regular arrangement of myofibrils
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.3 The Structure of a Skeletal Muscle
Fiber
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.3
Figure 10.4 Sarcomere Structure, Part I
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.4
Myofibrils
• Thick and thin filaments
• Organized regularly
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.5 Sarcomere Structure, Part II
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.5
Figure 10.6 Levels of Functional Organization in
Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.6
Thin filaments
• F-actin
• Nebulin
• Tropomyosin
• Covers active sites on G-actin
• Troponin
• Binds to G-actin and holds tropomyosin in
place
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Thick filaments
• Bundles of myosin fibers around titan core
• Myosin molecules have elongate tail, globular
head
• Heads form cross-bridges during contraction
• Interactions between G-actin and myosin
prevented by tropomyosin during rest
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.7 Thick and Thin Filaments
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.7
Sliding filament theory
• Explains the relationship between thick and thin
filaments as contraction proceeds
• Cyclic process beginning with calcium release
from SR
• Calcium binds to troponin
• Trponin moves, moving tropomyosin and
exposing actin active site
• Myosin head forms cross bridge and bends
toward H zone
• ATP allows release of cross bridge
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.8 Changes in the appearance of a
Sarcomere during the Contraction of a Skeletal
Muscle Fiber
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 10.8