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Human Physiology in the
Development of Performance
D681 12
Session 3
Test
• Lets see what you know so far!
By the end of today’s lesson you should all be able to:
1. Correctly identify the anatomical names of the muscles in the
front and back of the body
2. Correctly identify the three types of muscle found in the
body
3. Correctly identify the three functions of skeletal muscle
4. Correctly describe the breakdown of a muscle
5. Correctly describe the different types of muscular
contraction
6. Correctly identify muscle pairings
7. Correctly relate the movement patterns to muscular
contraction
8. Correctly describe the adaptations that occur in skeletal
muscle through a sport and fitness training programme
Task
• We are now going
to learn the
anatomical names
of the muscles
using the
worksheet
‘Learning
Anatomical Names
of Muscles’
Learning the Anatomical Names
of the Muscles
Shoulders
Deltoids
Chest
Pectorals
Upper Back
Trapezius & Rhomboids
Mid Back
Latissimus Dorsi
Lower Back
Erector Spinae
Front of Arm
Biceps
Back of Arm
Triceps
Stomach
Abdominals
Learning the Anatomical Names
of the Muscles
Waist
Obliques
Front of Hip
Hip Flexors
Buttocks
Gluteals
Front of Thigh
Quadriceps
Back of Thigh
Hamstrings
Inner Thigh
Adductors
Outer Thigh
Abductors
Shin
Tibialis Anterior
Calf
Gastrocnemius & Soleus
You Should Now Be Able To;
• Correctly identify the anatomical names of the
muscles in the front and back of the body
Muscles on the Front of the Body
Deltoids
Pectorals
Biceps
Obliques
Adductors
Abdominals
Abductors
Hip Flexors
Quadriceps
Tibialis Anterior
Muscles on the Back of the Body
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Latissimus Dorsi
Deltoids
Triceps
Erector Spinae
Glutes
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Outcome 1- Explain the structure and
function of the skeletal and muscular systems
Muscles – An Introduction
• Approximately 40 % of body mass is made
up of muscle tissue, the purpose of much of
which is to move bones
• However there are other types of muscle
tissue:
Three Types of Muscle
1.Skeletal Muscle
• Allows movements at joints
2. Cardiac Muscle
• Heart muscle
3. Smooth muscle
• Internal organs
Three Functions of Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscle has three main functions:
1. Movement
2. Support and Posture
3. Heat Production
Three Function of Skeletal Muscle
How does the body perform each of these
functions
1. Muscles are attached to bones via tendons –
muscles contract and pull on the bones to
create movement
2. Muscles are in a state of semi contraction in
order to keep you upright (muscle tone) and
provide you with support and posture
3. When muscles contract they produce heat
which is why we get warm when exercising
Breakdown of Muscle Anatomy
• Muscles are attached to bones via tendons
• Each muscle is made up of bundles of
muscle fibres (fascicle)
• Each bundle of fibres (fascicle) contains
several single muscle fibres
• A single muscle fibre is composed of
smaller strands called myofibrils
• Myofibrils are divided into contractile
units called myofilaments namely actin and
myosin
Breakdown of a Muscle Anatomy
Principles of Muscle Action
• Skeletal muscle is made up of bundles of
muscle fibres, which all run in the same
direction and line up alongside each other
• This means that when a muscle contracts,
it shortens along the length of the muscle,
and therefore makes the muscle overall
length of the muscle shorter
• This in turn, pulls on the bone and
movement is created
Principles of Muscle Action
Type of
Contraction
Concentric
Eccentric
Isometric
Explanation of
Contraction
Example of Type
of Contraction
Muscle contracts
and shortens
Muscle contracts
and lengthens
Bicep Curl; lift
phase; bicep
Sit up; lower
phase; abdominals
Muscles contract Ski sit; hold
and remain the
phase; quadriceps
same length
Muscle Pairings
• Muscles can only pull on bones to cause movement
to occur
• Muscles need to work in pairs as they cannot push
the bones back to their starting position
• In general every muscle on the front of the body
will have a partner that it works with on the back
of the body
• Whenever a resistance training programme is
designed you should ensure that both muscles in
the pair are trained to create a balance in the
body
Muscle Pairings
• Agonist (Prime Mover); muscle which
produces the desired joint movement
• Antagonist; muscle which produces the
opposite action to the agonist
• Example; Agonist during a Bicep Curl is the
Biceps and the Antagonist is the Triceps
Task
• Complete the
worksheet titled
‘Muscle Pairings’
• Think about the
muscles that lie on
the front of the
body and think
about the muscles
that lie on the back
Task
• Now think about all
the information you
have learned and
put it into an
exercise context
• Complete the
worksheet titled
‘Muscle Pairings
and Movement
Patterns’
What happens to your muscles if you take
part in sport or fitness training programme?
• In your group make
a list of all the
changes that you
think happen to
muscles with
exercise
Adaptations to Muscles with Exercise
• Increased muscle size
• Increase in lactic acid tolerance
• Increase in muscle proteins (actin and
myosin)
• Increased efficiency in muscular
contraction
You should now be able to:
1. Correctly identify the anatomical names of the muscles in the
front and back of the body
2. Correctly identify the three types of muscle found in the
body
3. Correctly identify the three functions of skeletal muscle
4. Correctly describe the breakdown of a muscle
5. Correctly describe the different types of muscular
contraction
6. Correctly identify muscle pairings
7. Correctly relate the movement patterns to muscular
contraction
8. Correctly describe the adaptations that occur in skeletal
muscle through a sport and fitness training programme
Topics you will be assessed on
Here are the topics you should focus your revision
on;
1. Anatomical names of the muscles in the front
and back of the body
2. Anatomy of a muscle
3. The three types of muscular contraction
4. Movement patterns created by muscles
5. Adaptations that take place in the muscles with
sport and or fitness