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PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation
by Patty Bostwick-Taylor,
Florence-Darlington Technical College
The Muscular
System
6
PART C
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Five Golden Rules of Skeletal Muscle Activity
Table 6.2
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Muscles and Body Movements
 Movement is attained due to a muscle moving an
attached bone
 Muscles are attached to at least two points
 Origin
 Attachment to a moveable bone
 Insertion
 Attachment to an immovable bone
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Muscles and Body Movements
Figure 6.12
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
 Flexion
 Decreases the angle of the joint
 Brings two bones closer together
 Typical of hinge joints like knee and elbow
 Extension
 Opposite of flexion
 Increases angle between two bones
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Figure 6.13a
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Figure 6.13b
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
 Rotation
 Movement of a bone around its longitudinal
axis
 Common in ball-and-socket joints
 Example is when you move atlas around the
dens of axis (shake your head “no”)
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Figure 6.13c
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
 Abduction
 Movement of a limb away from the midline
 Adduction
 Opposite of abduction
 Movement of a limb toward the midline
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Figure 6.13d
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
 Circumduction
 Combination of flexion, extension, abduction,
and adduction
 Common in ball-and-socket joints
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Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Figure 6.13d
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Special Movements
 Dorsiflexion
 Lifting the foot so that the superior surface
approaches the shin
 Plantar flexion
 Depressing the foot (pointing the toes)
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Special Movements
Figure 6.13e
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Special Movements
 Inversion
 Turn sole of foot medially
 Eversion
 Turn sole of foot laterally
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Special Movements
Figure 6.13f
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Special Movements
 Supination
 Forearm rotates laterally so palm faces
anteriorly
 Pronation
 Forearm rotates medially so palm faces
posteriorly
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Special Movements
Figure 6.13g
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Special Movements
 Opposition
 Move thumb to touch the tips of other fingers
on the same hand
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Special Movements
Figure 6.13h
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Types of Muscles
 Prime mover—muscle with the major
responsibility for a certain movement
 Antagonist—muscle that opposes or reverses a
prime mover
 Synergist—muscle that aids a prime mover in a
movement and helps prevent rotation
 Fixator—stabilizes the origin of a prime mover
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Types of Muscles
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
 By direction of muscle fibers
 Example: Rectus (straight)
 By relative size of the muscle
 Example: Maximus (largest)
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
 By location of the muscle
 Example: Temporalis (temporal bone)
 By number of origins
 Example: Triceps (three heads)
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
 By location of the muscle’s origin and insertion
 Example: Sterno (on the sternum)
 By shape of the muscle
 Example: Deltoid (triangular)
 By action of the muscle
 Example: Flexor and extensor (flexes or
extends a bone)
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Arrangement of Fascicles
Figure 6.14
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Head and Neck Muscles
 Facial muscles
 ___________—raises eyebrows
 _______________—closes eyes, squints,
blinks, winks
 _______________—closes mouth and
protrudes the lips
 _____________—flattens the cheek, chews
 _____________—raises corners of the mouth
 Chewing muscles
 ____________—closes the jaw and elevates
mandible
 _____________—synergist of the masseter,
closes jaw
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Head and Neck Muscles
 Neck muscles
 ____________—pulls the
corners of the mouth inferiorly
 ________________—flexes the
neck, rotates the head
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Head and Neck Muscles
Figure 6.15
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Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
 Anterior muscles
 ________________—adducts
and flexes the humerus
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Anterior Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
Figure 6.16a
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Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
 Muscles of the abdominal girdle
 ________________—flexes vertebral
column and compresses abdominal
contents (defecation, childbirth, forced
breathing)
 __________________________—flex
vertebral column; rotate trunk and bend
it laterally
 ________________________—
compresses abdominal contents
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Anterior Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
Figure 6.16b
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Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
 Posterior muscles
 ___________—elevates,
depresses, adducts, and stabilizes
the scapula
 __________________—extends
and adducts the humerus
 _________—arm abduction
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Muscles of Posterior Neck, Trunk, Arm
Figure 6.17a
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Muscles of Posterior Neck, Trunk, Arm
Figure 6.17b
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Muscles of the Upper Limb
 _____________—supinates forearm,
flexes elbow
 ___________—elbow flexion
 ________________—elbow extension
(antagonist to biceps brachii)
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Anterior Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
Figure 6.16a
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Muscles of Posterior Neck, Trunk, Arm
Figure 6.17a
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Muscles of the Lower Limb
 ______________—hip extension
 ________________—adduct the
thighs
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Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh
Figure 6.19a
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Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh
Figure 6.19c
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Muscles of the Lower Limb
 Muscles causing movement at the
knee joint
 Hamstring group—thigh extension
and knee flexion
 __________________
 __________________
 __________________
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Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh
Figure 6.19a
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Muscles of the Lower Limb
 Muscles causing movement at the
knee joint
 ____________—flexes the thigh
 Quadriceps group—extends the
knee
 _______________
 _______________
 Lateralis, Intermedius, and Medialis
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Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, Thigh
Figure 6.19c
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Muscles of the Lower Limb
 Muscles causing movement at ankle
and foot
 ________________—dorsiflexion
and foot inversion
 _________________—plantar
flexion, everts the foot
 __________—plantar flexion
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Muscles of the Lower Leg
Figure 6.20a
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Muscles of the Lower Leg
Figure 6.20b
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Superficial Muscles: Anterior
Figure 6.21
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Superficial Muscles: Posterior
Figure 6.22
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Superficial Anterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.3 (1 of 3)
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Superficial Anterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.3 (2 of 3)
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Superficial Anterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.3 (3 of 3)
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Superficial Posterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.4 (1 of 3)
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Superficial Posterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.4 (2 of 3)
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Superficial Posterior Muscles of the Body
Table 6.4 (3 of 3)
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Intramuscular Injection Sites
Figure 6.18, 6.19b, d
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