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Grammar Terms - Appositives
A noun or pronoun that follows another noun or
pronoun to identify or explain it.
Example: Her sister Nancy was a year older.
Grammar Terms - Dialects
Dialects are varieties of a native language.
Example: People from Georgia speak a different
dialect of English than Montanans do.
Parts of Speech - Adjectives
A word used to modify (tell more about) a noun
or a pronoun.
Example: Paris is wonderful in the spring.
Parts of Speech - Adverbs
A word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or
another adverb.
Example: Marian Anderson sang beautifully.
Parts of Speech - Conjunctions
A word that joins words or groups of words.
Example: Pearl Buck and Selma Lagerlof won the
Nobel Prize.
AND
No one knows when opportunity will knock.
Two main types: Coordinating and subordinating.
Parts of Speech - Interjections
A word that expresses emotion and has no
grammatical relation to other words in the
sentence.
Example: Help! Ouch! Ah! Well!
Parts of Speech - Nouns
A word used to name a person, place, thing, or
Idea.
Example: The earthen dam was in danger of
collapsing.
They may be classified as proper – President
Obama, common - teacher, abstract - dream,
concrete - cement , and collective - team.
Parts of Speech - Prepositions
A word used to show the relationship of a noun
or a pronoun to some other word in the
sentence.
Alternative definition: Anywhere a cat may go: in,
out, under, over, beneath, on top of, after, around,
beside, etc.
Example: Joan walked to her aunt’s house.
Parts of Speech - Pronouns
Words used in place of one or more nouns.
Example: Jack burned himself during the
experiment.
Parts of Speech - Verbs
A word that expresses action or otherwise helps
to make a statement.
Example: The rider lost her stirrups.
Verbs are primarily action verbs or linking verbs.
Sentences - Clause
A group of words containing a subject and a
predicate and used as part of the sentence.
Note: An independent clause expresses a
complete thought and can stand alone as a
sentence.
Note: A dependent clause cannot stand alone
as a sentence. They are always joined in some
way to a dependent class.
Sentences - Complex
A sentence with one independent clause and at
least one dependent clause.
Example: The alarm blasted while the firemen
were away from the station.
OR
While the firemen were away from the station, the
alarm blasted.
Sentences - Compound
A sentence with at least two independent clauses
joined by one or more conjunctions.
Example: The Buffalo Bills beat the Denver
Broncos and the Indianapolis Colts defeated the
San Francisco ’49ers.
Sentences – CompoundComplex
A sentence with at least two independent clauses
and at least one dependent clause.
Example: The Buffalo Bills beat the Denver
Broncos and the Indianapolis Colts defeated the
San Francisco ’49ers while I made a three foot long
submarine sandwich.
Sentences - Fragment
A group of words that does not express a
complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a
sentence.
Example: A blue haze setting over the rooftops…
Sentences - Phrase
A group of related words used as a single part
of speech and not containing a verb and its
subject (It’s missing a verb or subject).
Example: Inside the house (a prepositional
Phrase).
Sentences – Run On
When one or more sentences runs on into the
second or subsequent sentence. Run ons are
caused by using commas between sentences
where there should be end punctuation.
Example: The meeting seemed to last for hours,
Nothing was accomplished.
Avoid run-on sentences. Do not use a comma
between sentences. Do not omit punctuation at
the end of a sentence.
Sentences - Sentence
A group of words expressing a complete thought.
Example: The victorious team remained calm.
Sentences - Simple
The most basic of all sentences. It is composed
of one independent clause (a simple subject and
a simple predicate) and expresses a
complete thought.
simple predicate
Example: The dog howled.
simple subject