Download Igneous Rock Formation

Chapter 4
Key Points
The Rock Cycle
Notes
What is a rock?
Composition
Texture
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The Rock Cycle
A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of
one or more minerals or organic matter.
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The Rock Cycle
Composition is the chemical makeup of a rock.
Composition can describe either the minerals or
other materials in the rock.
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The Rock Cycle
Texture based on the sizes, shapes, and
positions of the rock’s grains (___________).
MINERALS
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Metamorphic Rock Formation
Key Points
Notes
How are
metamorphic rocks
formed?
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Metamorphic Rock Formation
As rocks undergo metamorphism, original minerals in a
rock change into new minerals that are more stable
within the new pressure and temperature conditions.
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Metamorphic Rock Formation
Key Points
Where do
metamorphic rocks
form?
Notes
Inside Earth’s crust
(some closer to the surface,
some much deeper)
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Create one diagram to explain contact
metamorphism and regional metamorphism
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Metamorphic Rock Formation
Index minerals are used to estimate the
temperature, depth, and pressure at which a rock
undergoes metamorphism in Earth’s crust.
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Metamorphic Rock Formation
Key Points
Special identifying
characteristics of
metamorphic rocks
Notes
• Lines of stretched minerals
• Specific index minerals
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Metamorphic Rock Formation
Key Points
Notes
2 types of
• FOLIATED: Due to pressure,
metamorphic rocks grains (minerals) have been
stretched into bands
•NONFOLIATED: Grains
(minerals) are randomly placed
throughout rock
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Metamorphic Rock Identification
Identifying
Characteristics
(how do you know
it’s metamorphic?)
Foliated or
Nonfoliated
Name of
Metamorphic
Rock
Detailed
Illustration
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Igneous Rock Formation
Key Points
Notes
How are igneous
rocks formed?
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Igneous Rock Formation
Igneous rock forms when hot, liquid rock, or magma, cools
and solidifies. There are three ways magma can form:
1. When rock is heated
2. When pressure is released
3. When rock changes composition
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Igneous Rock Formation
Key Points
Where do igneous
rocks form?
Notes
In a volcano or
outside a volcano
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Igneous Rock Formation
Key Points
Notes
What are the 2 types
of igneous rock?
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Igneous Rock Formation
• When magma intrudes, or pushes, into surrounding rock
below the Earth’s surface and cools, the rock that forms is
called intrusive igneous rock.
• Intrusive igneous rock has a coarse-grained texture
because it is well insulated by surrounding rocks and
cools very slowly.
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Igneous Rock Formation
• Igneous rock that forms from magma that erupts, or
extrudes, on the Earth’s surface is called extrusive
igneous rock.
• Extrusive igneous rock, commonly found around
volcanoes, cools quickly on the surface and contains very
small crystals or no crystals.
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Igneous Rock Formation
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Igneous Rock Formation
•Sometimes, an igneous rock can be both fine and
course-grained. These rocks are called porphyritic.
How do you suppose
porphyritic rocks are
formed?
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Igneous Rock Formation
Key Points
Special identifying
characteristics of
igneous rocks
Notes
•Found near a volcano
•Visible course-grained minerals
•Found in a lava flow
•Very shiny (teeny-tiny finegrained minerals)
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Igneous Rock Formation
Key Points
2 types of colors
Notes
• Light-colored FELSIC rocks are
rich in elements such as aluminum,
potassium, silicon, and sodium.
• Dark-colored MAFIC rocks are rich
in calcium, iron, and magnesium.
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Let’s Practice!
Igneous Rock Formation
What type of igneous rock is pictured?
(composition, location)
Mafic, Fine-grained, Extrusive
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Let’s Practice!
Igneous Rock Formation
What type of igneous rock is pictured?
(Composition, location)
Felsic, Course-grained, Intrusive
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Let’s Practice!
Igneous Rock Formation
What type of igneous rock is pictured?
(Composition, location)
Felsic, Fine-grained, Extrusive
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Igneous Rock Identification
Identifying
Characteristics
(how do you know
it’s igneous?)
Intrusive or
Extrusive?
Name of
Igneous Rock
Detailed
Illustration
1
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5
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