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2011 IGARSS, 27 July 2011 • Vancouver
Satellite Thermal anomalies before the MS7.1
New Zealand Earthquake 2010
Qin Kai
Wu Lixin
Guo Guangmeng
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Outlines
Background
Data and result
Physical mechanism
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Background
Satellite Thermal IR anomalies
The first report of earthquake
thermal anomalies is represented by
Gazli earthquake March 19, 1984
(M=7.2).
Thermal IR image of 11.03.1984,
one week before the earthquake - At
the point of the intersection of the
Tamdy-Tokraus and Karatau faults
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Background
Source: S. A. Pulinets, D. Ouzounov, (2006), Thermal, atmospheric and ionospheric anomalies around the time of the Colima
M7.8 earthquake of 21 January 2003, Annales Geophysicae (2006) 24: 835 - 849.
Sharp increase in the daytime temperature from the epicenter
for the middle of January (about one week before the earthquake).
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Background
Qin Kai 2010: Surface latent heat flux (SLHF) anomaly before the
Apr 14, 2010 MS7.1 Yushu earthquake
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Background
According to the New Zealand GNS Science, a MS 7.1 earthquake happened on the
South Island of New Zealand (43.52°S, 172.17°E) UTC on Sept. 3, 2010. It a
result of strike-slip faulting as the Pacific and Australia plates interact in the
central South Island.
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Data and result
Two thermal parameters:
Skin temperature refers to the temperature of the surface layer of
the earth.
SLHF can reflect water and heat exchange between the ground
surface and the atmosphere, as a result of the heat absorbed or
released by phase transitions (condensation, evaporation or melting)
of atmospheric moisture.
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Data and result
Both of the two thermal parameters are from NCEP/NCAR assimilation data. it is
generated by an analysis technique in which multi-source observations such as land
surface, ship, pibal, aircraft, satellite, and other sensors are accumulated into the
model state by taking advantage of consistency constraints with the laws of time
evolution and physical properties.
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Data and result
A spot-shaped SLHF anomaly with a high value to the northeast of
the epicenter on Aug. 1, 2010.
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Data and result
Local high-temperature anomalies of 3–6°C had appeared (the geothermal
areas northeast of the epicenter, at the center of the North Island and in the
southwestern South Island) on July 31 and Aug. 1, 2010.
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Data and result
If the thermal anomaly was only
a meteorological effect ?
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Data and result
Observations of the weather stations showed that near the thermal
anomalies area there were just low-speed relatively-stable winds
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Data and result
Infrared satellite cloud map of FY-2D satellite showed that the weather
conditions were mainly sunny with sporadic haze distributions
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Data and result
So, the local thermal anomalies on July 31 and Aug. 1
resulted neither from solar radiation enhancement of the
reduced cloud (e.g., cloudy to clear), nor from a warm
air mass effects, but rather most likely resulted from
underground heat.
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
Data and result
The N-S displacement components of GPS stations in New Zealand recorded a
quasi-synchronous fluctuation on July 31 and Aug. 1 2010. This is consistent with
the time of the thermal anomalies, and reflects tectonic activity enhancement before
the earthquake.
中国矿业大学(北京) 3S与沉陷工程 研究所
www.dgmine.com
Physical mechanism
New Zealand is located on the tectonic plate boundary between the Australian and
Pacific plates. The oblique collision of the two plates causes the Pacific Plate to
subduct beneath the Australian Plate, which forms a high-temperature and highpressure zone in the lithosphere.
中国矿业大学(北京) 3S与沉陷工程 研究所
www.dgmine.com
Physical mechanism
The subduction process provides sufficient energy for hot material to upwell from
mantle, which leads to abundant geothermal activity such as hot springs and
volcanoes.
中国矿业大学(北京) 3S与沉陷工程 研究所
www.dgmine.com
Physical mechanism
 First, the long-term tectonic activity in the interface region between
the Pacific and Australian plates was enhanced in the latter period of
the seismogenic process, leading to rock expansion and crack
propagation in the local subduction zone and hence providing
abundant channels for hot material upwelling from the deep crust and
mantle.
 Second, hot material resulted in the gradual expansion of the region
and then caused local temperatures to increase in particular zones,
which are connected with subsurface fluids.
 Third, the surface temperature increment affected change in the
difference between the specific humidity of the ground and the
overlying surface air masses, hence resulting in local SLHF increases.
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)
2011 IGARSS, 27 July 2011 • Vancouver
Questions?
Please send me an email: qinkai2011@gmail.com
China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)