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Ch 8-1 Scientists who Identified DNA 1. Griffith – experimented with mice and bacteria – showed that hereditary material can pass from one bacterial cell to another – transfer of genetic material from one cell to another cell is called transformation Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Griffith’s Discovery of Transformation Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Scientists who Identified DNA 2. Avery – experimented with bacteria – showed that DNA is the hereditary material that transfers information between bacterial cells Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Scientists who Identified DNA 3. Hershey and Chase – experimented with bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) – confirmed that DNA, and not protein, is the hereditary material Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. The Hershey-Chase Experiment Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Ch 8-2 DNA 3-D Model • Watson and Crick created a model of DNA by using Franklin’s and Wilkins’s DNA diffraction X-rays • Double Helix • Two strands of DNA • Like a twisted ladder • DNA is a polymer made up of nucleotide monomers Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. DNA Nucleotides • 3 Parts 1. Phosphate Group • 1 phosphorous with 4 oxygen 2. Deoxyribose • Ring shaped sugar with 5 carbons 3. Nitrogen-containing Base • Single or double ring with nitrogen and carbon • 4 Types Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Structure of a Nucleotide Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Four Nitrogenous Bases 1. adenine (A) • Double ring 2. guanine (G) • Double ring 3. cytosine (C) • Single ring 4. thymine (T) • Single ring Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Bonds Hold DNA Together – Nucleotides along each DNA strand are linked by covalent bonds – Complementary nitrogenous bases are bonded by hydrogen bonds – G bonds with C – A bonds with T Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
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