Download DNA - TeacherWeb

DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
UNIT 5: Chapter 12
AIM:
•Explain how the
genetic code is
contained within
DNA.
Organizational Level of Genetics
Chromosome
Nucleosome
DNA
double
helix
Coils
Supercoils
Define these terms:
HistonesNucleosome-
Histones
Interesting Facts About DNA
• DNA is used to solve many historical
mysteries
• One single cell contains two meters of
DNA.
• If you unraveled all your chromosomes
from all of your cells and laid out the DNA
end to end, the strands would stretch from
the Earth to the Moon about 6,000 times.
http://www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb/connection
s/genetics/dna.mes.pdf (DNA
nitrogenous base message)
http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAanatomy.html
(DNA animation)
http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=1
0002096 (genetics library)
What is the function (job) of DNA?
 Passed down to us from our parents.
 DNA stores the CODE for directing the
construction of proteins within a cell.
These proteins determine the phenotype
of an organism.
 Recall, DNA is a nucleic acid—A
MACROMOLECULE.
DNA
Structure
<>
DNA is a double helix
(spiral) that
resembles a ladder.
DNA is made up of 3
things:
1. Phosphate
2. Deoxyribose (sugar,
yes, sugar)
3. Nitrogenous Bases
DNA structure
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
Hydrogen
bonds
Sugar-phosphate
backbone
Key
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Remember
DNA is like an Oreo
Phophates + sugars = cookie
Bases = cream filling
How is the DNA code read?
There are 4 nitrogenous
bases (molecules):
1. Adenine (A)
2. Thymine (T)
3. Cytosine (C)
4. Guanine (G)
DNA bases are
complimentary
BASE PAIRING
RULE:
__________________________
(A)
(T)
ADENINE ----------------- THYMINE
(C)
(G)
CYTOSINE -------------- GUANINE
DNA Youtube Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5i
S1f0
2 Groups of Bases
Purines
Adenine
Guanine
Phosphate
group
Pyrimidines
Cytosine
Thymine
Deoxyribose
MODE 1:
Find the complementary base sequence for the
following DNA strand:
Strand 1:
Strand 2:
Strand 1:
Strand 2:
ACTTTACTTTACCGGGGG
CGTGTGGAAATCGGTTGA
Remember
DNA is like an Oreo
Phophates + sugars = cookies
Bases = cream filling
Why are some people better at
sports than others?
• http://www.pubinfo.vcu.edu/secretsofthese
quence/playlist_frame.asp
• Gene called ACE
Who has healthier DNA, one is
exercises of a couch potato?
• http://www.wwaytv3.com/video/study_lack
_of_exercise_hurts_dna/01
Check out the video.
Section 10-2
Figure 10–4 The
Cell Cycle
G1 phase
M phase
S phase
G2 phase
DISEASES
Can be caused by 2 things:
1. The environment that surrounds you.
2. Your genes.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBfWy
bm0218&feature=related
(vytorin commercial)
Locating Genes
How do scientists locate genes on
DNA? Why is this important?
Section 14-3
Gene
Sequence
Promoter
Start
signal
Gene
Stop
signal
Scientists can locate genes by looking at DNA base sequence. Identification
Of gene location is important for benefits of medicine and curing diseases.
Examples of Genetic Diseases
• Pg. 345 in Prentice Hall hardcover/online
DNA Technology
• Forensic identification is an example of the application of DNA
technology.
• There is great potential for the development of useful products
through genetic engineering (e.g., human growth hormone, insulin,
and resistant fruits and vegetables).
• Eugenics, a pseudo-science of selective procreation, was a
movement throughout the twentieth century, worldwide as well as in
Virginia, that demonstrated a misuse of the principles of heredity.
• The Human Genome Project is a collaborative effort to map the
entire gene sequence of organisms. This information will be useful in
detection, prevention, and treatment of many genetic diseases.
• PCR, electrophoresis, cloning are also examples.
Chapter Review (DNA)
• What is the function of DNA?
• What does DNA need to be copied
(replicated)? What phase of the cell cycle
does a cell make more DNA? (G1, S, G2
or M phase)
• How is the DNA code read?
• What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
• What are 3 components of DNA?