Download Blood Types

Blood Types
Objective: Determine how blood types are
inherited and how co-dominance applies to
the ABO system
What Makes Up
Blood?
http://sciencespot.net/Media/FrnsScience/bloodbasicscard1.pdf
•RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) – The most abundant cells in our
blood; they are produced in the bone marrow and contain a protein
called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our cells.
•WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) –They are part of the immune
system and destroy infectious agents called pathogens.
•PLASMA – This is the yellowish liquid portion of blood that contains
electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and
proteins such as antibodies to fight infection.
•PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) – The clotting factors that are carried in
the plasma; they clot together in a process called coagulation to seal a
wound and prevent a loss of blood.
Genetics of
Blood
•Your blood type is established before you are
born, by specific genes inherited from your
parents.
•These two genes - one gene from your mother
and one from your father - determine your
blood type by causing proteins called
agglutinogens to exist on the surface of all of
your red blood cells.
Who Has What Type?
TYPES
DISTRIBUTION
RATIOS
O+
1 person in 3
38.4%
O-
1 person in 15
7.7%
A+
1 person in 3
32.3%
A-
1 person in 16
6.5%
B+
1 person in 12
9.4%
B-
1 person in 67
1.7%
AB +
1 person in 29
3.2%
AB -
1 person in 167
0.7%
source: http://www.bloodbook.com/type-facts.html
Application to Medical Field
CAN RECEIVE
Blood Types
AB+
AB A+
AB+
BO+
O-
O*
* O + B - B + A - A + AB - AB
X
X
X X X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X X
X
X
X
X
X
Genotypes & Phenotypes
•There are 3 alleles or genes for blood type:
A, B, & O.
•Since we have 2 genes, there are 6
possible combinations: AA, AO, BB, BO,
AB, and OO.
Give the genotype(s) for each blood type.
Type A = ____ ____ Type AB = ____
Type B = ____ ____ Type O = ____
Dominant &
Recessive
• O is recessive
• A is dominant
• B is dominant
• What happens if A +
B?
Example:
Dad has Type B blood type
(phenotype) because he has a B
gene (blue) and an O gene
(yellow) genotype.
B
Mom has Type
A blood
because she
has an A gene
(red) and an O
gene (yellow)
O
A
A
B
O
B O
A O
O O
Example:
A
Dad has Type B blood type
(phenotype) because he has a B
gene (blue) and an O gene
(yellow) genotype.
B
O
A B
A O
?
Mom has Type
A blood
because she
has an A gene
(red) and an O
gene (yellow)
O
B O
Type B phenotype
Type A phenotype
O O
Type O phenotype
Co-dominant
B
When the dominant B
allele gets paired with
the dominant A allele…
AB
A
A new blood type results…AB
Your Turn- Work
it Out!
• Complete a Punnett Square in your
science notebook for each of the
following practice exercises.
• Write the genotype and phenotype in
each quadrant of the Punnett Square.
• You may use colored pencils. Red=A,
Blue=B, Yellow=O
Exercise
1:
Dad has Type A blood (phenotype)
because he has a A gene (red)
and an O gene (yellow)
A
O
Mom has Type O
blood (phenotype)
because she has an
O gene (yellow)
and an O gene
(yellow) genotype.
O
O
Answer
Key 1:
Dad has Type A blood (phenotype)
because he has a A gene (red)
and an O gene (yellow)
A
O
A O
Type A phenotype
Mom has Type O
blood (phenotype)
because she has an
O gene (yellow)
and an O gene
(yellow) genotype.
O
A O
Type A phenotype
O
O O
Type O phenotype
O O
Type O phenotype
Exercise
2:
Dad has Type A blood (phenotype)
because he has a A gene (red)
and an A gene (red) genotype
A
A
Mom has Type AB
blood (phenotype)
because she has an
A gene (red) and an
B gene (blue)
genotype .
B
A
Answer
Key 2:
Dad has Type A blood (phenotype)
because he has an A gene (red)
and an A gene (red) genotype
A
A
A
Mom has Type AB
blood (phenotype)
because she has an
A gene (red) and an
B gene (blue)
genotype .
A
A
A
A
Type A phenotype Type A phenotype
B
AB
A B
Type AB phenotype Type AB phenotype
Exercise 3:
Mom has Type B blood
(phenotype) because
she has an B gene
(blue) and an O gene
(yellow) genotype
Dad has Type B blood
(phenotype) because he
has a B gene (blue) and
an B gene (blue) genotype
Answer Key 3:
B
Dad has Type B blood
(phenotype) because he
has a B gene (blue) and
an B gene (blue) genotype
B
B
B B
BB
Type B phenotype
Mom has Type B blood
(phenotype) because
she has an B gene
(blue) and an O gene
(yellow) genotype
O
BO
Type B phenotype
Type B phenotype
BO
Type B phenotype
Exercise 4:
Mom has Type A
blood
(phenotype)
because she has
an A gene (red)
and an O gene
(yellow)
Dad has Type AB blood
(phenotype) because he
has an A gene (red) and a
B gene (blue) genotype
Answer Key 4:
Dad has Type AB blood
(phenotype) because he
has an A gene (red) and a
B gene (blue) genotype
A
Mom has
Type A blood
(phenotype)
because she
has an A
gene (red)
and an O
gene (yellow)
A
A A
Type A phenotype
O
B
AB
Type AB phenotype
A O
BO
Type A phenotype
Type B phenotype
Bonus
Exercise:
Mom has Type A
blood
(phenotype)
because she has
an A gene (red)
and an O gene
(yellow)
genotype.
Dad has Type B blood
(phenotype) because he
has a B gene (blue) and
an O gene (yellow)
genotype
Bonus
Answer Key:
Dad has Type B blood
(phenotype) because he
has a B gene (blue) and
an O gene (yellow)
genotype
B
Mom has Type A
blood
(phenotype)
because she has
an A gene (red)
and an O gene
(yellow)
genotype.
A
O
A B
Type AB phenotype
B O
Type B phenotype
O
A O
Type A phenotype
O O
Type O phenotype
Optional Extension
• Ask your parents if
they know their
blood type.
• Ask your parents if
they know your
blood type.