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Aerobic Respiration
WALT
• Mitochondria The structure and role of
mitochondria in respiration.
• Aerobic respiration occurs in four
stages
• Glycolysis
• The link reaction
• The Krebs cycle
• The Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic Respiration
Define the following:
•
•
•
•
Respiration
Breathing
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic Respiration
Respiration is the process that releases energy in organic
molecules such as sugars and lipids. Respiration takes
place in all cells all of the time
Breathing is the mechanical process that supplies oxygen
to the body for respiration and that removes carbon dioxide
produced. Breathing ventilates the gas exchange surfaces.
Aerobic Respiration is respiration with oxygen – most
organisms respire aerobically releasing a relatively large
amount of energy.
Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen –
some organisms mainly bacteria can only respire
anaerobically others can switch to anaerobic when
oxygen levels are low.
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration describes the cell
processes that require oxygen to release
energy from all organic molecules.
Respiration involves the breakdown of
many molecules from the food we eat.
Humans respire mainly sugars but also
some amino acids and fatty acids.
Aerobic Respiration
• For any chemical reaction to occur
energy is required to break bonds.
• The process of forming new bond can
either require energy or release energy
• For there to be a release of energy the
products of respiration must be at a
lower energy level than the reactants.
Aerobic Respiration
Energy in
molecules
Glucose and oxygen
CO2 +H2O
Time
Aerobic Respiration
• What is the basic equation for respiration?
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY
• In reality cell respiration takes place in a
series of stages , these can produce a up to
36 molecules of ATP per molecule of
glucose
• The steps involved in respiration rely on a
series of redox reactions
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36 ATP
Aerobic Respiration
Energy
in
molecule
s
Combustion
has one step
and occurs
very rapidly
Glucose and oxygen
CO2 +H2O
Time
Energy in
molecules
Glucose and oxygen
CO2 +H2O
Time
Energy is lost
as heat
Respiration
occurs in small
steps and
releases energy
in controlled
amounts. Less
energy is lost
as heat
ATP
NH 2
N
N
OOO
O - P - O - P - O - P - O - CH2
OO
O
N
O
adenosine
AMP
ADP
ATP
N
Hydrolysis of ATP
ATP + H2O
AMP + H2O
ADP + H2O
30.5 kJ mol
Pi
-1
30.5 kJ mol
Pi
-1
adenosine
14.2 kJ mol
Pi
-1
Aerobic Respiration
The process of aerobic respiration can
be divided into 4 distinct processes:
•
•
•
•
Glycolysis
Pyruvate Oxidation
The Krebs cycle
The electron transport chain
Mitochondria
What are mitochondria?
Mitochondria are membrane-enclosed organelles
distributed through the cytosol of most eukaryotic
cells. Their main function is the conversion of the
potential energy of food molecules into ATP.
Mitochondria have:
•an outer membrane that encloses the entire
structure
•an inner membrane that encloses a fluid-filled matrix
•between the two is the intermembrane space
the inner membrane is elaborately folded with
shelflike cristae projecting into the matrix.
•a small number (some 5–10) circular molecules of
DNA
Mitochondria
Copy and
label the
diagram of a
mitochondria
from page 11
of the text
book
Mitochondria
Aerobic Respiration
Use the information on pages 11 and 12 to complete the
table
Stage
Site Within Cell
Overall process
Number of
ATP
molecules
produced
Aerobic Respiration
Stage
Site Within Cell
Overall process
Number of
ATP
molecules
produced
Glycolysis
Cytosol
Glucose is split into 2
molecules of pyruvate
2 per
glucose
molecule
Pyruvate
Oxidation
Matrix – inner
fluid of
mitochondria
Pyruvate is converted to
acetyl co A
none
Acetyl co A drives a cycle
of reactions to produce
hydrogen
2 per turn
so 4 per
glucose
Hydrogen drives a series
of redox reactions to
produce ATP
Up to 32 per
glucose
Krebs Cycle
Electron
Transport
Chain
Inner membrane
of mitochondria