Download Engineering Design Process

Technology Final Review
What is Technology?
 The process by which humans modify
nature to meet their needs and wants.
Engineering Design Process
1. Identify the problem
2. Set goals
3. Gather Information
4. Define Alternative Solutions
5. Select the best solution
6. Implement the Solution
Technology Systems Model
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
The command we
give the system
The action part
4 Types:
7 Resources – People, Information, Materials, Tools
and Machines, Capital, Energy, Time
FEEDBACK
Expected and desired
Expected and undesired
Unexpected and desired
Enexpected and undesired
7 Resources
 People:
 Creators and users of technology
 Provide labor, knowledge and skill
 Information:
 Knowing what to do and how to do it.
7 Resources
 Tools and Machines:
 Tools: extend human capabilities
 Machines: change the amount, speed or
direction of force
 Capital
 Any form of wealth
7 Resources
 Time:
 A unit measure for seconds, minutes, days,
etc
 Materials
 The stuff the stuff is made from. (i.e. wood,
metals, ceramics)
 Energy
 The ability to do work.
Materials
 Properties
 Strength – tension, compression, torsion,
shear
 Elasticity
 Hardness
 Fatigue
Types of Materials
 Wood:
 Hardwood : tree that loses its leaves
 Softwood: coniferous trees
 Plastics: synthetic material in long polymer
chains
 Thermoplastic: formed using heat and
pressure
 Thermoset: heated and formed once.
Types of Materials
 Metals: organic elements from the Earth
 Alloys: mixture of two or more metals
 Tin and copper = bronze
Types of Materials
 Ceramics:
 inorganic, nonmetallic minerals like clay, sand
and quartz
 Composites:
 Combining two or more materials to make a
material better than the original
Materials Processing
 Separating
 Combining
 Forming
 Conditioning
Separating
 Removing pieces of material
 Chip producing and chipless
 Examples
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


Sawing
Shearing
Drilling
Grinding
Combining
 Joining materials together
 Mechanical
 Screws, nails, staples.
 Chemical
 Gluing
 Heat
 welding
Forming
 Changing the shape of the material
 Bending
 Casting – making jello or ice cubes
 Forging – hammering into shape
 Extruding – squeeze through a die like
toothpaste from a tube
Conditioning
 Changing the internal structure of the
material




Baking cookies or cakes
Hardening
Tempering
Annealing
Finishing
 Adding a protective coating to exterior of
the product.
Energy
 Energy cannot be created or destroyed,
but can be changed from one form to
another
 Potential: energy at rest
 Kinetic: energy in motion
Forms of Energy
 Mechanical: energy of motion
 Thermal: heat energy
 Electrical: flow of electrons
 Chemical: energy from a chemical reaction
 Nuclear: splitting or fusing atoms
 Light (Radiant): energy from photons like
the sun
Energy
 Renewable: energy from things that can
be grown and replaced
 Non-Renewable: Fossil fuels
Alternative Energy
 Solar : energy from the sun
 Wind:
 Hydroelectric
 Geothermal
 Tidal
 BioMass
Newtons Laws of Motion
 1st Law – Inertia
 An object at rest will stay at rest, and an
object in motion will stay in motion, unless
acted upon by an unbalanced force
Newton’s Laws of Motion
 2nd Law –
 F=MA
 Force = Mass x Acceleration
Newton’s Laws of Motion
 Newton’s 3rd Law
 For every action there is an equal, and
opposite reaction.
Forces
 Tension: pulling force
 Compression: squeezing force
 Torsion: twisting force
 Shear: cutting force
Simple Machines
 Wedge
 Inclined Plane
 Screw
 Wheel and Axle
 Lever
 Pulley
Types of Levers
Types of Levers
Types of Levers