Download Cell Division: (Reproduction)

Cell Division
Personal Notes for Final Exam
Cells: The Basic Unit of Life.
REVIEW – do not write this page.
Cells, and thus, all living things can:







reproduce.
grow and develop becoming capable of reproduction.
respond to the outside world.
find energy to stay alive.
change as their environment changes.
move about their environment.
be classified as an organism. (Ex. Specialized cells)
- if they are specialized, then each cell must have a
responsibility for the organism.
Intro Video
Cell Division: (Reproduction)
Cells replenish themselves by dividing into
identical “daughter” cells….
*To ensure the organism continues to survive.*
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The process of cell division is called MITOSIS.
Mitosis can occur in multicellular organisms.
- Unicellular organisms (bacteria) generally produce exact copies
of themselves because they come from a single parent.
- Multicellular organisms have the ability to change their
offspring’s features because they come from two
separate parents; creating Diploid Cells
All Multicellular Cells that divide by Mitosis are
called: DIPLOID CELLS:
These types of cells reproduce on their own until death
or disease affects their proper regenerative systems.
Diploid Cell
Interphase
Metaphase
Early
Prophase
Anaphase

Late
Telophase
A cell must reach
maturity to reproduce;
grow to have enough
organelles, cytoplasm,
cell membrane, and
nucleus to share. Just
like all adult animals.
Full Mitosis
IPMAT: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
You should try to remember the
stages of mitosis, but you need
to understand the basics.
The mother cell:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A daughter cell is born to
repeat the process at maturity.
You do not need to remember
the stages of mitosis, but you
need to understand the basics.
The mother cell:
1. matures;
2. duplicates its chromosomes;
3. aligns them at the equator of
the cell;
4. the chromosomes separate
towards opposite poles;
5. The cell membrane pinches
off giving each cell the same
amount of organelles and
cytoplasm.
A daughter cell is born to
repeat the process at maturity.
Not all cells reproduce by Mitosis.
- those that can’t are called Amitotic Cells.
Nerve cells take up
Ex. Nerve Cells
to 60 years to
reproduce!
Others do reproduce, but with an extra step - Sex Cells!
It is called MEIOSIS.
- Spermatazoon = Male Sperm Cell
- Ovum = Female Egg Cell
*The only tissue that is not a Somatic Cell is a reproductive cell*
Meiosis Video
But how do Haploid Cells get only half of the
chromosomes; 23?
Simply must divide
a second time to
reduce the 46 chromosomes to 23.
1st Division
2nd Division
REMEMBER FOR THE EXAM!!
Know the differences in the
Mitosis and Meiosis Diagrams;
draw them in your notes from
Pg 56. AND copy the next
slide’s chart into your notes.
Mitosis & Meiosis Characteristics
Mitosis
Types of cells

Functions

Somatic Cells
Growth and
repair of cells
Number of
 23 PAIRS of
chromosomes in chromosomes
daughter cells
 Diploid cells (2n)
Review Video: Mitosis
Review Video: Meiosis
Meiosis

Reproductive Cells
Production of
reproductive cells to
allow for sexual
reproduction

23
chromosomes (a
single chromosome
from each pair
Haploid cell (n)
Cell Division Interactive Website