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1. Chromosomes can be found in the A. cytoplasm. B. endoplasmic reticulum. C. nucleus. 9 D. vesicles. 2. Viruses that infect bacteria are known as A. influenza. B. bacteriophages. 9 C. infectious bacteria. D. retroviruses. E. viral oncogenes. 3. Which of the following is not a base found in DNA? A. adenine B. guanine C. uracil 9 D. thymine 4. The base adenine is always paired with A. adenine B. guanine. C. cytosine. D. thymine. 9 E. Adenine is never paired with another base in a DNA molecule. 5. The base guanine is always paired with A. adenine. B. guanine. C. cytosine. 9 D. thymine. E. guanine is never paired with another base in a DNA molecule. 6. _____________ occurs when a single gene mutation influences multiple phenotypic traits. A. Pigmentation B. Plethoratropy C. Alkaptonuria D. Pleiotropy 9 7. mRNA is A. the major structural material making up ribosomes. B. a molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA and is used as a template for protein Page 1 synthesis. 9 C. the major structural component of chromosomes. D. a molecule that incorporates a specific amino acid into the growing protein when it recognizes a specific group of three bases. E. the major building block of proteins. 8. tNRA is A. the major structural material making up ribosomes. B. the molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA and is used as a template for protein synthesis. C. the major structural component of chromosomes. D. a molecule that incorporates a specific amino acid into the growing protein when it recognizes a specific group of three bases. 9 E. the major building block of proteins. 9. rRNA is A. the major structural material making up ribosomes. 9 B. the molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA and is used as a template for protein synthesis. C. the major structural component of chromosomes. D. a molecule that incorporates a specific amino acid into the growing protein when it recognizes a specific group of three bases. E. the major building block of proteins. 10. The process of making an RNA strand from a DNA template is called A. translation. B. transfection. C. transcription. 9 D. transmutation. E. replication. 11. Transcription can produce what type of RNA? A. mRNA B. tRNA C. rRNA D. mRNA and tRNA only E. mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA 9 12. The codon AUG, which is the "start" codon for polypeptide synthesis, also specifies the amino acid A. Phe. B. Gly. C. Trp. D. Met. 9 Page 2 E. Asn. 13. When the base composition of double‐stranded DNA from a new species of bacteria was determined, 20% of the bases were found to be adenine. What is the percentage of cytosine in the DNA of this organism? A. 10 % B. 20 % C. 30 % 9 D. 40 % 14. A duplex DNA molecule contains a random sequence of the four nucleotides in equal proportions. What is the average spacing between consecutive occurrences of the sequence 5'‐AAAA‐3'? A. (1/4)4 B. 44 9 C. 24 D. 42 15. The sequence of one strand of DNA is 5'‐GCTTTAG‐3'. The sequence of the complementary strand would be A. 5'‐GCTTTAG‐3'. B. 5'‐GATTTCG‐3'. C. 5'‐CTAAAGC‐3'. 9 D. 5'‐ATGGGCA‐3'. E. 5'‐CTUUUGC‐3'. 16. An RNA molecule folds back upon itself to form a "hairpin" structure held together by a region of base pairing. One segment of the molecule in the paired region has the base sequence 5'‐GCAUUGA‐3'. What is the base sequence with which this segment is paired? A. 5'‐UCAAUGC‐3' 9 B. 5'‐GCAUUGA‐3' C. 5'‐TCAATGC‐3' D. 5'‐GCATTGA‐3' 17. The sequence of one strand of DNA is 5'‐GCTTTAG‐3'. The sequence of the RNA, transcribed using this strand as a template, would be A. 5'‐GCTTTAG‐3'. B. 5'‐CTAAAGC‐3'. C. 5'‐CTUUUGC‐3'. D. 5'‐CUAAAGC‐3'. 9 E. 5'‐GCUUUAG‐3'. 18. The sequence of the transcript is 5'‐GGUUACAUUC‐3'. The sequence of the DNA template would be Page 3 A. 5'‐GGUUACAUUC‐3'. B. 5'‐GAATGTAACC‐3'. 9 C. 5'‐CCAATGTAAG‐3'. D. 5'‐CUUACAUUGG‐3'. 19. What codon would pair with the anticodon of tRNAmet 5'‐CAU‐3'? A. 5'‐CAU‐3' B. 5'‐GUA‐3' C. 5'‐UAC‐3' D. 5'‐ATG‐3' 9 E. 5'‐AUG‐3' 20. Which of the following sequences are palindromes? A. 5'‐GAATTC‐3' B. 5'‐ATAT‐3' C. 5'‐ACAACA‐3' D. A and B 9 Page 4