Download Rocks - Montville.net

Name: __________________________________________Date: ____________Pr. ____________
Chapter 4 Rocks
Please read for understanding pg’s 94-116. Then complete the study guide.
Classifying Rocks Section 1: Objectives- After reading this section and completing the study guide you should
be able to: List the characteristics used to identify rocks and be able to identify and describe three major groups of
rocks.
1. Why must scientists who study rocks look at the inside of them? The outside surfaces have been exposed to the
effects of ice, water, and weather (erosion).______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Mineral composition and color
2. What three important things do scientists observe when studying rocks? Mineral composition, color and texture
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What are rock-forming minerals? About 20 minerals that are found in the E’s crust that make up rocks.______
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3a. Name one mineral from each group in appendix B 1)_____________ 2) _______________3)______________
4. What minerals are found in granite? Quartz, horneblende, mica, feldspar. ______________________________
5. What are some other ways scientists study rocks? Shape and color of crystals, mineral content, and some of the
same tests used to ID minerals._________________________________________________________________
Texture
Grains- Give the rock texture___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Texture- The look and feel of the rocks surface
__________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6.Name the three grain sizes: 1) Fine
2)Coarse _____________3)No visible
_________
7. Name the grain shapes: Round and jagged_________________________________
8. Name the grain patterns: Banded and non-banded___________________________________
How Rocks Form
1. What are the three main groups of rocks? Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
2. Igneous- Forms from the cooling of lava or magma_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Sedimentary- Forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented
together._____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Metamorphic- Forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or a chemical reaction. ____________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
1
Igneous Rocks Page 98. Section 2 Igneous Rocks: Objectives- After reading this section and completing the
study guide, you should be able to: identify the characteristics used to classify igneous rocks and describe ways in
which igneous rocks are used.
1. How are igneous rocks classified? According to their origin, mineral composition, and texture._______________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Where do igneous rocks come from? Deep within the E’s surface. _____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Extrusive rock- Formed from lava that erupted ontop of E’s surface. ___________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Example:__ Basalt_______
4. Intrusive rock- Formed when magma hardened beneath the surface. ___________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Example:___Granite______
5. The texture of a rock depends on the __Size___ and __shape___ of the minerals crystals.
6. Fine- grained forms when… Magma cools rapidly________________________
7. Coarse- grained forms when… Magma cools slowly_______________________________________
8. Name two igneous rocks: __Rhyolite, porphyry, pegmatite, granite___________________________
Mineral Composition
1. Most of Earth’s rocks (the book says minerals, typo), contain the mineral ___Silica_____.
2. Silica content can affect the ____color____ of the rock.
Sedimentary Rock page 102: Section 3 Objectives- After reading this section and completing the study guide
you should be able to: Describe how sedimentary rock forms; list and describe the three types of sedimentary rock;
and explain how sedimentary rocks are used.
Sediment- __Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things. (Can include shells, bones,
leaves, etc.) _______________________________________________________________________________
1. What is the process by which sediment is formed?
1._Erosion ___
2.__Deposition_____
3.___Compaction____
4.__Cementation____
2. Erosion- _Destructive forces including: heat, cold, rain, waves, grinding ice. Running water, wind and ice loosen
and carry away fragments of rock. ________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Deposition- __The process by which sediment settles out of the water carrying it. ________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Compaction- __ ___________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Cementation- ______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2
6.What are the three types of sedimentary rock? 1)_Clastic __2)___Organic____3)____Chemical____
7. Describe clastic rock: __Formed when materials are squeezed together. _______________________________
Name some common clastic rocks: _Sandstone, conglomerate, breccia __________________
8. Describe organic Rocks: ____form whre the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers.
________________________________________________________________________________________
Name two important organic rocks: 1)____coal ______________ 2)___Limestone _________________
9. What are some uses of sedimentary rocks? __coal for fuel, arrowheads- flint, sandstone and limestone for
building materials, cement, ___________________________________________________________________
10. Name some sedimentary rocks: __conglomerate, limestone, sandstone___________________________
Chemical Rocks
1. Describe chemical rocks: __Minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystalize _________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Rocks From Reefs page 107. Section 4: Objectives- After reading this section and completing the study guide
you should be able to: Describe the formation of coral reefs; and explain how limestone deposits provide
information about the earth’s history.
1. What is a coral reef made from? __The exoskeletons of coral animals _________________________________
2. Why does life only live within the first 40 meters below the surface of the ocean? __There is only enough light
within the first 40 meters to sustain life. ___________________________________________________________
3. What is the skeleton of coral animals made out of? ___Calcium/ Calcite___________________
4. How does a coral reef form? __When organisms die their remains are left behind building up over time _____
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5.What must the water conditions be like in order for a reef to grow? __It must be warm __________
6. How do the limestone deposits of coral reefs provide us with evidence about how the Earth’s surface has changed
over time? __There must have been an ancient sea or ocean there at some point in the past ___________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Metamorphic Rocks page 110. Section 5 Objectives- After reading this section and completing the study guide
you should be able to: Describe the conditions under which metamorphic rocks form; Identify the ways in which
geologists classify these rocks; and explain how metamorphic rocks are formed.
1. What can change one rock from to another? __Heat and pressure deep beneath the earth _________________
2. How do geologists and petrologists classify metamorphic rocks? ___According to the arrangement of the grains
that make up the rock __________________________________________________________________________
3. Foliated rocks- __Grains arranged in parallel layers ________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Non- foliated rocks- __Have minerals and grains arranged that are arranged randomly ____________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Name some uses of metamorphic rocks: __Building and statues ____________________________
6. Name two metamorphic rocks: __Marble, slate _______________________________________
3
The Rock Cycle page 114. Section 6 Objectives- After reading this section and completing the study guide you
should be able to: describe the rock cycle.
1. In your own words, describe in detail the rock cycle: __Forces deep within the earth and at the surface produce a
slow cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rock in the crust. _______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Describe the different paths a rock may take within the rock cycle. You can use sentences, a diagram, or
pictures:
Grain Size- Please draw the three grain sizes here:
Fine Grain
Coarse Grain
No visible grain
How are you going to draw this one?!
Please draw the two grain shapes here:
Rounded
Jagged
4
Draw the two grain patterns here:
Non-banded
Banded
Please copy the drawing showing foliated and non-foliated rocks from page 111 here:
Now that you have completed this study guide you should begin learning the material by making note cards,
outlines, re-reading the text, asking your parents to quiz you, looking things up online, and asking questions in
class.
By the end of all this, you should feel like a rock star.
5