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Chapter 9
1. Anatomy of a muscle: identify parts (fascicles, muscle fibers, myofibrils, epimysium,
perimysium, endomysium, actin, myosin)
2. Where are neurotransmitters stored?
3. Know the sliding filament theory.
4. Know the events that take place at the neuromuscular junction.
5. What is the role of acetylcholinsterase?
6. Creatine phosphate serves to:
7. What is oxygen debt?
8. A muscle cramp is most likely due to a lack of:
9. Why do nonathletes experience muscle fatigue more quickly than non-athletes?
10. Define the all or none response.
11. What is muscle tone?
12. What is a multiunit smooth muscle?
13. Where is the motor end plate?
14. Compare skeletal muscle to smooth muscle in terms of which contracts and relaxes
more rapidly and slowly.
15. What give skeletal muscle its striated appearance?
16. What is the function of transverse tubules?
17. Compare red and white muscle types.
18. Describe a smooth muscle’s structure.
19. What causes the discoloration associated with a strain?
20. How does botulinus toxin affect muscles?
21. Rigor mortis occurs in skeletal muscles a few hours after death due to:
22. Look at the myogram in your text: what is the latent period? Period of contraction?
Period of relaxation?
23. What is the refractory period of a muscle?
24. What type of activities stimulate the development of red fibers? White fibers?
25. What happens to a muscle during atrophy?
26. Know the 10 steps of muscle contraction.(possible discussion/short answer)
27. Know the 6 steps of muscle relaxtion. (possible discussion/short answer)
28. Distinguish between a tendon and aponeurosis.
29. Define a motor unit.
30. What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?
31. The more active a muscle the more __________ it releases.
32. Self-exciting fibers result in ________ muscle contraction.
33. What is threshold stimulus?
34. Smooth muscle contraction is stimulated by Ach and ______________.
35. What is hypertrophy? What activities lead to this condition?
36. Compare hypertrophy to atrophy.
37. What is a sarcomere?
38. What is a synapse?
39. What is involved in exposing the binding sites of actin?
40. Where is the enzyme ATPase located?
41. Where in the cell does aerobic respiration occur? Anaerobic respiration?
42. Distinguish between eccentric, concentric, and isometric contraction.
43. Muscle fatigue is due to an accumulation of ___________________.
44. What is motor unit recruitment?
45. What is treppe?
46. What is myoglobin? What is its function?
47. What is a tetanic contraction?.
48. What is peristalsis?
49. Define synergists, prime movers, antagonists.
50. Define summation.