Download Since matter is discontinuous and particulate, maybe energy is

Since matter is discontinuous and particulate,
maybe energy is discontinuous and particulate:
a. Planck: Blackbody radiation
b. Einstein: photoelectric effect
c. Bohr: Atomic line spectra
Planck: energy is quantized -- only certain values allowed
called "black" because
no color is actually reflected
Einstein: Light has particulate behavior (photons)
photoelectric effect
Bohr: energy of atoms is quantized
photons are emitted or absorbed when an electron changes orbit
Since energy is wavelike, perhaps
MATTER is wavelike.
de Broglie: all matter travels in waves:
energy of atoms is quantized due to
wave motion of electrons
Davisson/Germer: electron beam is diffracted by metal crystal
Since matter has mass,
perhaps energy has mass.
Einstein/de Broglie: mass and energy are equal.
Particles have wavelength and photons have momentum.
Compton: photon's wavelength increases
(momentum decreases) after colliding with electron.
QUANTUM THEORY
Energy and matter are particulate, massive and wavelike
What is a quantum?
a discrete quantity of energy
proportional to the frequency
of the radiation emitted
Rydberg equation
R = 1.097 x 107m-1
n1 = lower energy level
n­2 = higher energy level
En = -RH­­(1/n2)
What does it solve?
The Rydberg equation is a mathematical formula
used to predict the wavelength of light resulting
from an electron moving between energy levels
of an atom.
Bohr model:
assumptions
limitations
Flame test
Heisenberg uncertainty principle: cannot simultaneously know
the exact location or momentum of an electron
Schrodinger
* wrote an equation that treated the electron as a wave.
* equation gives a wave function for the electron - mathematical
description of where the electron can be, but says nothing at all
about where it actually is.
* Orbitals are squarres of the wave function.
* There are three quantum numbers that describe what the orbital
looks like: n, l and m
electron density
Radial probability distribution plot
Atomic orbitals