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3 Classes of Rocks
The minerals that form igneous rock come from
Igneous rocks are often found on
Igneous rocks reach the surface in___________________:
Extrusive igneous rocks are formed when
The Paleozoic (_____________________) volcanoes in eastern Canada and the more recent volcanoes
(___________________) in Western Canada are both examples of
_____________________________________________________________.
__________________________________rocks originate deep in the Earth as molten rock called
magma. When the magma cools (still beneath the surface) igneous rock is formed.
The ______________________ is an example of intrusive igneous rock (as well as metamorphic rock).
It formed millions and even billions of years ago
_____________________________________________________________.
Igneous Rocks are classified by
Crystal size determines the ___________________________________________.
If the magma cooled slowly the texture is coarse and individual crystals can be clearly observed. These
are often_____________________.
If the magma cooled _______________ there is little time for large crystals to form so the texture is
fine (smoother). Lava coming into contact with air or water form this type of fine textured igneous rock.
Obsidian is extremely hard igneous rock that looks _____________________________.
Felsic Magma:
Mafic Magma:
Granite Family
Gabbro Family
Diorite Family
Igneous Intrusions
________________________are actually only a small picture of the magma activity that exists below
the surface of the earth!
2. Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rocks are not formed from molten magma or lava,
Formation
Sediment builds up as layers of material are created by _________________(breaking up of rock) ,
________________by wind, glaciers, or water, and finally_____________. Layer upon layer
accumulates over time, _________________________________
Water slowly filters through the tightly packed sediment.
There are 3 types of Sedimentary rocks:
1. Clastic sedimentary rocks:
2. Non-Clastic
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Non Clastic
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Water containing dissolved minerals ___________leaving the deposits of chemical sedimentary rocks.
The chemistry of Opal is primarily SiO2 and varying amounts of water. The amount of water varies from
5 -10% and greater. This water can help geologists determine
the_______________________________________________________________.
Chemical Rocks!
Organic Rocks!
Biogenic Sedimentary Rocks
___________________________________________are the most common forms of biogenic
sedimentary rocks formed from the ____________________left by shell and skeletal remains of
marine creatures. __________________________________these fragments together to
form________________________. Magnesium carbonate cements the fragments together to
form_______________________.
Sedimentary Features
•
Stratification-
•
Why?
•
Fossils:
•
Ripple Marks and Mud Cracks:
Ripples are formed by
Mud cracks form when wet clay deposits dry and contract.
Metamorphic Rocks
“meta” means
“morph” means
Metamorphic rocks change more than just their shape. They change in mineral
Unlike igneous rocks, where change occurs during melting,
___________________________________________________________________The degree of
change depends on the temperature and pressure.
There are many more types of metamorphic rocks than igneous or sedimentary rocks combined. In fact,
each sedimentary and igneous rock has at least ________metamorpnic equivalent.
Approximately_______________________________________. Although most of it is buried
_______________________________________Metamorphic rocks are formed wherever there is
enormous ___________________________________________
Two Types of Metamorphic Rock
1. Contact metamorphic rock
2. Dynamic metamorphic rock
Metamorphic rocks have a banded structure called foliation - layers of similar minerals.