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MODAL VERBS
modal verbs
 Modal
verbs are verbs that are always followed by
another infinitive verb;
E.g. She can play the piano very well.
 To
form the negative or the interrogative we don’t need
an auxiliary verb:
NEGATIVE – we just add NOT to the modal verb
E.g. We must not (mustn’t) wear sunglasses in the classroom
INTERROGATIVE – we just put the modal verb before the subject
E.g. Can you speak German?
modal verbs
 The
3rd person singular doesn’t take an -s/-es at the end
of the verb;
E.g.
He can run the marathon.
 Each modal verb
E.g.
expresses many different meanings:
She can go to the party tonight.
(permission – asking and giving)
Tattoos can damage your skin.
(possibility/probability)
Garfield can eat a birthday cake all by himself.
(ability/capacity)
modal verbs – meanings
CAN/COULD
 ability/capacity
e.g.
She can read this text in two minutes.
They can’t read without their glasses.
 permission
e.g.
Can I go to the concert tonight?
(asking permission)
No, you can't go to the concert.
(refusing permission)
You can go to the cinema tonight.
(giving permission)
modal verbs – meanings
 request
e.g.
Can you pass me the salt, please?
Could you open the window, please?
(more polite, formal)
 possibility/probability
e.g.
Piercings can be dangerous.
You could get an infection.
(less probable)
modal verbs – meanings
MAY / MIGHT
 permission (formal
e.g.
 probability
e.g.
and polite)
May I come in?
Yes, you may.
/ possibility
She may go to the USA next week.
It’s a bit cold today. It might rain tomorrow…
(less probable / possible)
modal verbs – meanings
MUST
 obligation
e.g.
Teens must ask for their parents’ permission.
 necessity
e.g. I don’t have food at home. I must go to the supermarket.
 logical deduction/certainty
e.g. Mary is missing classes.
She never misses classes. She must be ill.
modal verbs – meanings
MUSTN’T
 prohibition
e.g.
Students mustn’t use their mobiles in classes.
SHOULD
 advice
e.g.
You should start studying. The test is tomorrow.
You shouldn’t spend all your money on clothes.
 opinion
e.g. She believes every kid should have his/her own mobile.
modal verbs – practice
Choose the most appropriate modal verb:
1.Mary ________ work really hard if she wants to get good
marks.
2- I believe children _________ stay with their mothers until
the age of 3.
3- __________ I check my e-mail on your computer?
4- It is very late. You __________ phone your parents.
modal verbs – practice
5.
I’m not sure but I __________ call you later if I
have some doubts.
6
Mr. Smith, ________ I send you my paper by email?
7
She ______ read for hours without getting tired.
8
We ______ use these computers without our
teachers’ permission.
modal verbs
THE
END…
(Garfield shouldn’t have eaten the
birthday cake by himself!)