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Transcription Biochemistry Free For All Structure Central Dogma Template Strand Coding Strand RNA Functions RNA Building Blocks Eukaryotic Process Structure RNA Polymerase Subunits (Prokaryotes) • • • • • α (2) β β’ ω σ Non-template Strand Transcription Template Strand RNA Polymerase RNA Prokaryotic Control Sequences Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) Structure Transcription Initiation and Elongation Rifampicin Blocks Elongation Transcription Bubble Transcription Elongation Transcription Termination Structure Termination • • Rho Factor Termination - Rho Protein “Climbs” RNA Being Synthesized and Removes RNA Polymerase from DNA Factor Independent - Sequence in RNA Causes RNA Polymerase to Fall Off of DNA Chromosome Structure Eukaryotic Control Sequences & Structure Eukaryotic Transcription Complex Transcription Complex Assembly Eukaryotic RNA Polymerase Inhibition α-amanitin Eukaryotic mRNA 5’ Cap Eukaryotic mRNA 5’ Cap Roles for the 5’ Cap in Eukaryotes Nuclease Protection / mRNA Stability Role in Translation Eukaryotic RNA Maturation Splicing Splicing Pyrimidine Rich Sequence Splicing GU Sequence AG Sequence 1. U1 Binding 2. U2 Binding RNA snRNPs - Contain Proteins and snRNAs. • Splicing Some snRNAs are Complementary to Sequences in Intron and Help to Assemble the Structure Splicing Mechanism Alternative Splicing Alternative Polyadenylation RNA Editing Structure CCA End tRNA Structure tRNA Synthesis of Pseudouridine from Uridine tRNA and rRNA Processing in Eukaryotes Structure Structure Structure Bacteria 5S rRNA (in large ribosomal subunit - structural support) 16S rRNA (in small ribosomal subunit - aligns mRNA for translation) 23S rRNA (in large ribosomal subunit - catalyzes peptide bond formation Eukaryotes 5S rRNA (large ribosomal subunit - structural support) 5.8S rRNA (large ribosomal subunit - translocation) 18S rRNA (small ribosomal subunit - functions in translation) 28S rRNA (large ribosomal subunit - peptide bond formation) Structure • RNA Functions • Synthesis of Proteins (tRNA, rRNA, mRNA) • Primary Genetic Material (RNA Viruses) • Catalysis of Reactions (Ribozymes) • Regulation of Gene Expression (miRNA & siRNA) • Processing of Other RNAs (snRNAs & snoRNAs), • RNA Structures • Ribonucleotides - A,U,C,G • Single Stranded/Self Pairing • G-U Base Pairs Structure
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